Prisoner Citizen: Carl Upchurch, Labeling Theory, and Symbolic Interactionism

ABSTRACT

The life of Carl Upchurch offers a personal example of labeling theory and symbolic interactionism in action. According to labeling theory, behaviors are explained by the reactions received from audiences. Three of the audiences that respond to the behavior of an individual are society at large, agents of social control, and significant others. Upchurch demonstrated how deviant behavior became normal and how being labeled deviant made normal behavior difficult. Symbolic interactionism stresses the importance of learning and social interaction and sees people as being proactive rather than reactive, active and not passive. Through his love of books, Upchurch took charge of his life and moved from being a prisoner citizen to an educator.

KEYWORDS:

• Carl Upchurch
• labeling theory
• symbolic interactionism

Notes

Brown v. Board of Education. (1954). United States Supreme Court.