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Notes
1. The literature often distinguishes between information and intelligence. Information is seen to consist of more “raw data”, where intelligence is understood as a higher order form of knowledge, which is more useful due to the fact that it has some “value added” component. Much of this extra value is believed to derive from the integration of other forms of data and the work of data analysis. We have reservations about the pragmatic utility of such a distinction for the routine operation of policing/security and of the ability to differentiate useful intelligence from less useful information “on the ground”. Consequently we employ the terms information and intelligence interchangeably.