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Abstract
Remote controls are especially problematic for writing text, something necessary in many interactive digital TV applications (IDTV). In the context of research aimed at finding effective entry methods for IDTV applications, an empirical investigation was carried out and is presented in this article. The study analyzed the errors committed by 82 users in an experiment in which they wrote 7,395 sentences. Several typing methods suitable for IDTV contexts were used for experimentation. There were 3,562 of the sentences that registered at least one error. These errors were classified and their main causes analyzed, the particular characteristics of the users taken into account. The results show that the most frequent errors are proximity mistakes in all the evaluated methods. They appear in between 13.75% and 32.31% of the sentences, depending on the input method. Also, age and background are major aspects affecting the number and type of mistakes. The results could be the basis of changes in the design of conventional remote controls or in the design of advanced techniques for error recognition and correction.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Aurora Barrero
Aurora Barrero is a Computer Science Engineer from the University of Oviedo and a Ph.D. student, with an interest in the area of multimedia systems and services, content distribution networks, and interactive digital TV services. She is a Research Engineer in the Department of Computer Science of the University of Oviedo.
David Melendi
David Melendi is a Computer Science Engineer with a Ph.D. from the University of Oviedo, with an interest in multimedia systems and services, content distribution networks, idTV services, and mobile ad hoc networks. He is an Associate Professor at the University of Oviedo and member of the W3C.
Xabiel G. Pañeda
Xabiel G. Pañeda is a Computer Science Engineer with a Ph.D. from the University of Oviedo, with an interest in multimedia systems and services, content distribution networks, idTV services, and mobile ad hoc networks. He is an Associate Professor at the University of Oviedo and member of the W3C.
Roberto García
Roberto García is a Telecommunications Engineer from The Technical University of Madrid with a Ph.D. from the University of Oviedo, with an interest in telecommunication networks and services, applied to performance analysis, modelling, and simulation of systems and services. He is an Associate Professor at the University of Oviedo.
Sergio Cabrero
Sergio Cabrero is a Telecommunications Engineer from the University of Oviedo and a Ph.D. student, with an interest in the area of telecommunication networks, interactive digital TV services, multimedia services, and mobile ad hoc networks. He is a Teaching Assistant in the Department of Computer Science of the University of Oviedo.