A Formal Modeling Framework for the Implementation of Gaze Guiding as an Adaptive Computer-Based Job Aid for the Control of Complex Technical Systems

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a comprehensive formal engineering approach for the development of gaze guiding as an adaptive computer-based job aid to support semi-automated technical control tasks. Major requirement for this engineering method was to present a model-based approach, which on the one hand offers a coherent integration of various heterogeneous descriptions of the system, the standard operating procedures to be applied, and the used gaze guiding, and an algorithmic transformation into an executable form on the other. The latter is used as part of a runtime system or execution framework that integrates gaze guiding into an existing graphical user interface as an overlay. To demonstrate the suitability of the resulting model that enables gaze guiding, we present a use case for the modeling approach and we conducted a user study with 140 participants who worked on three different types of SOPs. The study showed the positive impact of the gaze guiding and its potential to suite as an adaptive computer-based job aid. The results confirmed findings from previous studies and showed decreased numbers of errors during the execution of the start-up procedure if gaze guiding was used.

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Additional information

Funding

This research was funded by the DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/German Research Foundation), project number KL2207/3-3.

Notes on contributors

Benjamin Weyers

Benjamin Weyers is currently Assistant Professor at University of Trier and Head of the Human-Computer Interaction Group. Before, he was PostDoc at the Virtual Reality and Immersive Visualization group at RWTH Aachen University. He received his PhD in 2011 at the University of Duisburg-Essen and joined RWTH in 2013. He is interested in the development and research on interactive analysis methods for abstract and scientific data using immersive systems as well as the integration of VR and AR into the control of technical systems for the support of human users in semi-automated control scenarios. Additionally, he focuses on the development and use of formal methods for the description of interactive systems.

Barbara Frank

Barbara Frank obtained her PhD in 2017 at the Department of Work, Organizational and Business Psychology at Ruhr University Bochum. She holds a Master of Science in Applied Cognitive and Media Science. Her research focused on various methods for complex cognitive skill retention and impact of individual factors on skill retention. Barbara Frank is currently working in the field of HR-IT at ThyssenKrupp, Essen.

Annette Kluge

Annette Kluge is a Full Professor for Work, Organizational and Business Psychology at the Ruhr University Bochum, Germany. She obtained her Diploma in Work and Organizational Psychology at the Technical University Aachen and her doctorate in ergonomics and vocational training at the University of Kassel, Germany in 1994. Her expertise is in Human Factors and Ergonomics, training science, skill acquisition and retention, safety management and organizational learning from errors and organizational forgetting.