https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2449-3802
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ABSTRACT
This study explored interactions between users and a 3D virtual world using a multi-touch display and sought to identify the advantages of this form of interaction. An experiment was conducted with 28 subjects, who were classified into two groups: experienced gamers and casual gamers. The experiment involved a pseudo-universe, where users were required to find five objects using the multi-touch display, and five objects using a game controller (GamePad). Overall, multi-touch was slightly faster than the GamePad in the search for objects. Experienced users performed significantly better when using the GamePad, compared to casual gamers. When casual gamers were analyzed separately, their performance was better (at a statistically significant level) with the multi-touch display, compared to the GamePad. Finally, users had a significantly higher error rate when switching from the GamePad to the keyboard, than when switching from the multi-touch to the keyboard.
Acknowledgments
This work was sponsored by NSF grants I/UCRC IIP-1338922, AIR IIP-1237818, SBIR IIP-1330943, III-Large IIS-1213026, MRI CNS-1429345, MRI CNS-0821345, MRI CNS-1126619, CREST HRD-0833093, I/UCRC IIP-0829576, MRI CNS-0959985, and RAPID CNS-1507611 and U.S. DOT Grant ARI73.
Notes
1. HMD are stereo.
3. Using the additional buttons, is possible to have 6-DOF navigation.
4. See also (Luna, Citation2011, Chapter 14) and (Mukundan, Citation2012, pp. 47–49).
5. Which means that subject found them equal.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Francisco R. Ortega
Francisco R. Ortega. is an assistant professor at Colorado State University in the Computer Science department. He can be contacted at [email protected]. His lab’s site is nuilab.org.
Adam S. Williams
Adam S. Williams is a Ph.D. student at Colorado State University in the Computer Science department.
Katherine Tarre
Katherine Tarre is a Ph.D. student at Florida International University in the Computer Science department.
Armando Barreto
Armando Barreto. is a professor at Florida International University in the department of Electrical and Computer Engineering.
Naphtali Rishe
Naphtali Rishe. is a professor at Florida International University in the Computer Science department.