Target Selection Techniques for Smartphone While Walking

Abstract

To improve the performance of interaction between the user and the smartphone in walking state, target selection techniques were proposed and their performance was investigated. First, the performance of smartphone target selection in walking state was comparatively investigated to that in sitting and standing states. Then, three target selection techniques Implicit Enlargement, Attraction and Last Contact were designed for walking state and their performance was empirically evaluated together with the control technique Direct Touch. The experimental results showed that the error rate in walking state were higher than those in sitting and standing state. Implicit Enlargement showed the fastest speed and the lowest error rate. The subjects made fewer errors with Last Contact than those with Direct Touch in target selection tasks during walking. Attraction showed the worst performance. Fault-tolerant mechanisms were helpful to improve the accuracy for target selection in walking state. Last, the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed techniques were discussed.

Keywords:

• Target selection techniques
• smartphone
• walking

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [61100091].

Notes on contributors

Yizhong Xin

Yizhong Xin received BS and MS degrees in Computer Science from Shenyang University of Technology, China in 1997 and 2004, respectively and received PhD degree in Computer Science from Kochi University of Technology, Japan in 2010. He is now a professor at Shenyang University of Technology, China.

Simiao Guo

Simiao Guo received BS and MS degrees in Computer Science from Shenyang University of Technology, China in 2017 and 2020, respectively. She is now a software engineer.

Yan Li

Yan Li received BS and MS degrees in Computer Science from Shenyang University of Technology, China in 1998 and 2007, respectively. She is now a Lecturer in Department of Basic Courses at Shenyang Sport University, China.