https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9183-1027
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Abstract
This work aims to explore the application potential of utilizing the rich medium of olfaction in Immersive Virtual Experiences (IVEs) by engaging a broader range of non-expert users. Considering the inherent properties of scent (e.g., the absence of base odors and storage challenges) and the diverse application demands in IVEs, we introduce OdorCarousel. This design tool encompasses (1) a tiny, lightweight odor-emitting device that integrates with VR headsets and can store 25 distinct aromas. We conducted user-involved technical tests on scent release performance, focusing on identifying odor type, intensity, and transitions. (2) Based on two types of smell interactions in IVEs (active and passive), we devised and implemented three Unreal Engine-based olfactory interaction blueprints and user interfaces facilitating design. A case study illustrates the operation and design process of using OdorCarousel. We recruited 17 participants for a workshop-based user study, successfully executing six concept designs validating the usability and feasibility of OdorCarousel. Finally, we analyzed the design results and the olfactory interaction intentions, discussing the multi-dimensional potential and considerations of smell-enhanced virtual experiences and OdorCarousel, providing design guidance for future works.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
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Notes on contributors
Xiang Fei
Xiang Fei is a postgraduate student at the College of Fashion and Design of Donghua University. His research interests encompass Human-Computer Interaction and intelligent hardware.
Yanan Wang
Yanan Wang is currently a Lecturer at the College of Fashion and Design of Donghua University. She received her Ph.D. in digital art and design from Zhejiang University. She researches human-interaction design, olfactory interfaces, and digital fabrication.
Yucheng Li
Yucheng Li is a postgraduate student in Visual Communication Design at Donghua University, specializing in Human-Computer Interaction. Her research is centered on Human Factors and Materials. Eager to contribute novel insights to the intersection of design and technology.
Zhengyu Lou
Zhengyu Lou is a postgraduate student at the College of Fashion and Design of Donghua University. He focuses his research on human-computer interaction design and olfactory interfaces. He has experience developing VR and AR applications, focusing on social attributes and user interaction behaviors.
Yifan Yan
Yifan Yan is a postgraduate student in the College of Fashion and Design at Donghua University. His research interest lies in human-computer interaction (HCI), particularly at the intersection of digital fabrication. His research is mainly focused on Human-Smell Interaction and intelligent materials.
Yujing Tian
Yujing Tian is an Associate Professor at the College of Fashion and Design of Donghua University. She is mainly engaged in Fashion product innovation Design and Strategy Research.
Qingjun Chen
Qingjun Chen is a Professor at the College of Fashion and Design of Donghua University. He received his Ph.D. degree from the School of Fine Arts at Nanjing Normal University. He focuses his research on Social innovation design, Digital experience design, and Rural culture design.