Abstract
Augmented Reality Head-Up Display (AR-HUD) is a promising solution to the current warning system distraction problem. However, how to effectively convey warnings through AR graphics is still unclear. This study examines the effectiveness of the contact-analog graphic compared to the bounding box graphic in various collision types and traffic densities. Forty-eight participants watched AR-augmented driving videos and were instructed to respond to critical events. Reaction time, response rate, and subjective evaluations were compared for rear-end and pedestrian collisions in different traffic densities under different warnings. Both bounding box and contact-analog warnings improved driving performance compared to the non-warning group. The contact-analog warning performed better for rear-end collisions, while the bounding box warning had a lower reaction time for pedestrian collisions, regardless of traffic density.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Additional information
Funding
Notes on contributors
Wanting Chen
Wanting Chen is a graduate student at the Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University. Her research interests include traffic safety, augmented reality, and human–computer interaction.
Liuqiucheng Niu
Liuqiucheng Niu is a graduate student at the Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University. Her research interests include user experience and human–computer interaction.
Shan Liu
Shan Liu is a graduate student at the Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University. Her research interests include ergonomics and human–computer interaction.
Shu Ma
Shu Ma is a PhD researcher at the Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University. Her research interests include human–computer interaction, traffic safety, and automated driving.
Hongting Li
Hongting Li is a professor at the Department of Psychology, Zhejiang University of Technology. His research interests include human–computer interaction, ergonomics, user experience, augmented reality, and virtual reality.
Zhen Yang
Zhen Yang is an assistant professor at the Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University. His research interests include human–computer interaction, human factors, user experience, cognitive science, and neuroeconomics.