The Use of Natural Carotenoids and Growth Performance, Skin Pigmentation, and Immune Response in Fancy Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Abstract

Fancy carp were fed seven dietary treatments with natural pigment sources (tea, mulberry, cassava) at a specific rate to achieve a total carotenoid (TC) concentration in the diet of 25 mg/kg. Growth performance among treatments was not significantly different (p ≥ 0.05). TC and skin redness (a*) of fish fed tea leaves was higher than the other treatments (p ≤ 0.05). Fish fed with tea extract and cassava leaves had higher serum astaxanthin concentrations than the other groups (p ≤ 0.05). This group also retained serum astaxanthin and red color better than other groups two weeks post treatment (p ≤ 0.05). Phagocytic activity was significantly greater in fish fed carotenoid supplements compared with the control group (P ≤ 0.05). Therefore, dietary supplementation with 25 mg/kg tea leaves is sufficient to obtain good coloration in fancy carp as well as enhance immunity.

Keywords:

• Fancy carp
• natural pigment
• carotenoid
• astaxanthin
• phagocytic activity

The authors wish to thank the Graduate School, Kasetsart University, for financial support. In addition, the authors also would like to thank Mrs. Lilly Pranusorn at Mycotoxin Laboratory under Quality Control for Plant Products (QSP), Plant Standard and Certification Office (PSCO), Department of Agriculture, for her training and invaluable guidance in TLC-densitometric analysis and experimental technique.