From Water to Land to Brownfield: The Land–People Relation in the Eastern Thames

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Notes

¹Peter Toghill, The Geology of Britain: An Introduction (Shrewsbury: Swan Hill Press, 2000), p. 174.

²Hadrian Cook and Tom Williamson, Water Management in the English Landscape: Field, Marsh and Meadow (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1999.)

³For a proposal to treat historical materialism as a learning system, see Jurgen Habermas, “Historical Materialism and the Development of Normative Structures” (excerpts), in William Outhwaite (ed.), The Habermas Reader (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1996).

⁴Judith Watson, “Collective Habitus: a Critique of the ‘Learning Region’ with Reference to the Thames Gateway,” Higher Education Review, Vol. 37, No. 1, 2004, pp. 32–48.

⁵Robert Boyer and Yves Saillard, “A Summary of Régulation Theory,” in Boyer and Saillard (eds.), Régulation Theory: The State of the Art (London: Routledge, 2002), pp. 36–44.

⁶Alain Lipietz, Towards a New Economic Order: Postfordism, Ecology and Democracy (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992), p. 2.

⁷Alain Lipietz, Towards a New Economic Order: Postfordism, Ecology and Democracy (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992), p. 2.

⁸Frank Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England, Third Edition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, [1943] 1971).

⁹Stenton, op. cit.

¹⁰A map can be found on the official website: http://www.thamesgateway.gov.uk/.

¹¹Malcolm Newson, Land Water and Development: Sustainable Management of River Basin Systems, Second edition (London: Routledge, [1992] 1997).

¹²See the discussion of this concept in Eric Hobsbawm, Pre-capitalist Modes of Production (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1964), Introduction.

¹³Stephen Rippon, “Romano-British Reclamation of Coastal Wetlands,” in Hadrian Cook and Tom Williamson (eds.), Water Management in the English Landscape: Field, Marsh and Meadow (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1999), p. 101.

¹⁴Stephen Rippon, “Romano-British Reclamation of Coastal Wetlands,” in Hadrian Cook and Tom Williamson (eds.), Water Management in the English Landscape: Field, Marsh and Meadow (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1999), p. 101.

¹⁵Robert Silvester, “Medieval Reclamation of Marsh and Fen,” in Cook and Williamson, op. cit., pp. 127, 131.

¹⁶Purseglove, Robert Silvester, “Medieval Reclamation of Marsh and Fen,” in Cook and Williamson, op. cit., p. 127.

¹⁷Adrian Room, Dictionary of Place-Names in the British Isles (London: Bloomsbury, 1988).

¹⁸Silvester, op. cit., p. 126.

¹⁹Sabine Schellberg, “Meadow Irrigation in the Federal State Baden-Württemberg. Portrayal of a Nearly Forgotten Land Use System,” Schriften der DWhG, Sonderband 2, Siegburg, 2005, pp. 123–132, online at: http://www.landespflege-freiburg.de/ressourcen/dwhg_irrigation.pdf, accessed April 10, 2007.

²⁰Roger Cutting and Ian Cummings, “Water Meadows: Their Form, Operation and Plant Ecology,” in Cook and Williamson, op. cit., p. 158.

²¹The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, and English Nature, The Wet Grassland Guide, (Sandy, Bedfordshire: The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, 1997), p. 6.

²²Purseglove, op. cit., p. 126; Hadrian F. Cook, The Harnham Water Meadows Science, online at: http://www.salisburywatermeadows.org.uk/waterscience.htm, accessed April 10, 2007. Latter text has informative photographs.

²³Purseglove, op. cit., p. 126; Hadrian F. Cook, The Harnham Water Meadows Science, online at: http://www.salisburywatermeadows.org.uk/waterscience.htm, accessed April 10, 2007. Latter text has informative photographs.

²⁴Cook and Williamson, op. cit., p. 4.

²⁵Newson, op. cit., p. xxxii., citing a diagram in S.A. Schumm, The Fluvial System (New York: Wiley, 1977).

²⁶Newson, op. cit., p. xxxii., citing a diagram in S.A. Schumm, The Fluvial System (New York: Wiley, 1977)., p. 46.

²⁷Newson, op. cit., p. xxxii., citing a diagram in S.A. Schumm, The Fluvial System (New York: Wiley, 1977)., p. 13.

²⁸See Ralph Whitlock, A Short History of Farming (London: John Baker, 1965), pp. 28–29 for the Cistercians’ connection to England's export of wool to Flanders.

²⁹“Houses of Cistercian Monks: Abbey of Stratford Langthorne,” A History of the County of Essex, (VCH Essex), Vol. 2 (1907), pp. 129–33, online at: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=39836, accessed June 20, 2007.

³⁰William Hunt, The Puritan Moment: The Coming of Revolution in an English County (Cambridge: MA: Harvard University Press, 1983), p. 6.

³¹VCH Essex, Vol. 2, op. cit., Vol. 1. pp. 313, 369; P.H. Reaney, Essex (London: Knopf, 1928), p. 56.

³²Newson, op. cit., Chapter 1, pp. 1–20 discusses the ancient Afro-Asian and medieval English systems together; also see Maurice Kean, The Pelican History of Medieval Europe (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1969), Chapter 10.

³³Stephen Inwood, A History of London (London: MacMillan, 1998), pp. 128–129.

³⁴Kean, op. cit., p. 231.

³⁵Kean, op. cit., p. 230.

³⁶VCH Essex, Vol. 2, op. cit., p. 88.

³⁷VCH Essex, Vol. 2, op. cit., p. 131. If this event coincided with the floods at Barking, this would have been Richard II, although the Victoria County History suggested that the reference was to Richard I. Also see “East Ham: Economic History and the Marshes,” A History of the County of Essex (VCH Essex), Volume 6, 1973, pp. 14–8, online at: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=42742, accessed April 10, 2007.

³⁸Gravesham Borough Council, The Growth of Gravesend, online at: http://www.gravesham.gov.uk/index.cfm?articleid=249, accessed April 10, 2007.

³⁹“Houses of Austin Canons: The Abbey of Lesnes or Westwood,” A History of the County of Kent (VCH Kent), Vol. 2, 1926, pp. 165–67, online at: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=38208, accessed June 20, 2007. See also “Religious Houses: Introduction,” VCH Essex, Vol. 2, op. cit., pp. 84–92, online at: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=39826, accessed April 10, 2007.

⁴⁰Philip MacDougall, Naval Dockyards Society, The Royal Dockyards, online at: http://www.hants.gov.uk/navaldockyard/page4.htm, accessed April 10, 2007.

⁴¹Inwood, op. cit., p. 186.

⁴²MacDougall, op. cit.

⁴³Inwood, op. cit., pp. 195–203.

⁴⁴Sidney W. Mintz, Sweetness and Power: the Place of Sugar in Modern History (New York: Viking, 1985).

⁴⁵Charles Jennings, Greenwich: the Place where Days Begin and End (London: Abacus, 1999), pp. 77, 142.

⁴⁶Charles Jennings, Greenwich: the Place where Days Begin and End (London: Abacus, 1999)., pp. 171–172.

⁴⁷N. Hans, New Trends in Education in the 18th Century (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1951), pp. 38, 213–214.

⁴⁸O. Spate, “The Growth of London” in H.C. Darby (ed.), Historical Geography of England before 1800 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1948).

⁴⁹Iorwerth Prothero, Artisans and Politics in Early Nineteenth-century London: John Gast and His Times, (London: Dawson, 1979).

⁵⁰F.W. Jessup, A History of Kent (London: Phillimore, 1978), p. 151.

⁵¹VCH Kent, op. cit., p. 365.

⁵²J. Birchall, Co-op: the People's Business (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1994), p. 5.

⁵³VCH Kent, op. cit., p. 376.

⁵⁴E.P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1963), p. 146.

⁵⁵E.P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1963)., p. 162.

⁵⁶E.P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1963)., p. 162.

⁵⁷Prothero, op. cit.

⁵⁸Inwood, op. cit., pp. 323–324, 470–471.

⁵⁹VCH Essex, op. cit., p. 494

⁶⁰Richard Hamblyn, The Invention of Clouds: How an Amateur Meteorologist Forged the Language of the Skies (London: Picador, 2001), pp. 66–67, 172. Also see L.G. Matthews, History of Pharmacy in Britain (London: Livingstone, 1962), p 227.

⁶¹Tottenham Quakers, William Allen, Luke Howard, online at: http://www.tottenhamquakers.org.uk/history/index.html, accessed April 10, 2007. Also see Hamblyn, op. cit.

⁶²Archibald Clow and Nan L. Clow, The Chemical Revolution (London: Batchworth Press, 1952).

⁶³S. Miall, cited in Clow and Clow, op. cit., 1972.

⁶⁴E.G. Howarth and M. Wilson, West Ham: A Study in Social and Industrial Problems. Being the Report of the Outer London Inquiry Committee (London: Dent, 1907), p. 166.

⁶⁵Inwood, op. cit. p. 423.

⁶⁶Charles Dickens, “Londoners Over the Border,” Household Words, 390, September 12, 1857.

⁶⁷Charles Dickens, “Londoners Over the Border,” Household Words, 390, September 12, 1857.

⁶⁸Inwood, op. cit., p. 433.

⁶⁹Inwood, op. cit., pp. 420–444.

⁷⁰Inwood, op. cit., pp. 434.

⁷¹Royal Society of Chemistry, “Obituary of Sir John Bennett Lawes,” Transactions, n.d., p. 888, online at: http://www.rsc.org/pdf/journals/archive/Obits.pdf, accessed April 10, 2007. Also see T.S. Tancred, “On Sewage Irrigation, and its Results, with a Sketch of the Main Drainage Systems of London and Paris.” Art. LII. Read before the Philosophical Institute of Canterbury, New Zealand August 4, 1869, Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 1868–1961. Online at: http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_02/rsnz_02_00_002960.html, accessed April 10, 2007.

⁷²Howarth and Wilson, op. cit., pp. 141–142.

⁷³J.E. Martin, Greater London: An Industrial Geography (London: Bell, 1966), p. 131.

⁷⁴Howarth and Wilson, op. cit., p. 141.

⁷⁵Inwood, op. cit., pp. 464–465.

⁷⁶Cities of Science, The Great Gasworks, online at: http://www.citiesofscience.co.uk/go/London/ContentPlace_1960.html, accessed April 10, 2007. Also see Inwood, op. cit., pp. 464–465.

⁷⁷Martin, loc. cit.

⁷⁸Schellberg, op. cit., p. 125.

⁷⁹ Marx and Engels Collected Works, Volume 42 (Moscow and London: Progress Publishers and Lawrence & Wishart, 1975 to 2005), p. 557, online at: http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1868/letters/68_03_25.htm, accessed April 10, 2007.

⁸⁰Peter Dickens, “Marx and the Metabolism between Humanity and Nature,” Alethia, 3, 2, online at: http://www.journalofcriticalrealism.org/archive/ALETHIAv3n2_dickens40.pdf, accessed April 10, 2007.

⁸¹John Bellamy Foster and Fred Magdoff, “Liebig, Marx, and the Depletion of Soil Fertility: Relevance for Today's Agriculture,” Monthly Review, Vol. 50, No. 3, July–August 1998, p. 35.

⁸²Justus von Liebig, Chemical Letters, Vol 15, online at: http://www.ul.ie/∼childsp/liebig/15.html. Accessed April 10, 2007.

⁸³Bellamy Foster and Magdoff, op. cit.

⁸⁴Nicholas Goddard, “‘A Mine of Wealth’? The Victorians and the Agricultural Value of Sewage,” Journal of Historical Geography, Vol. 22, No. 3, 1966, pp. 274–290.

⁸⁵Eric Hobsbawm, Labouring Men: Studies in the History of Labour (London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 1964), p. 159.

⁸⁶Bird, op. cit., p. 409.

⁸⁷Peter Ambrose, Urban Process and Power (London: Routledge, 1996), p. 175.

⁸⁸Bird, op. cit., p. 403.

⁸⁹Martin, op. cit.

⁹⁰Inwood, op. cit., p. 902.

⁹¹R. Darlington and D. Lyddon, Glorious Summer: Class Struggle in Britain 1972 (London: Bookmarks, 2001), pp. 141–177.

⁹²Greater London Council, From Tower Bridge to Tilbury: Report of the Thames-side Conference (London: Greater London Council, 1974).

⁹³Purseglove, op. cit., pp. 236–7.

⁹⁴Department of the Environment, Thames Strategy (London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1995), pp. 63, 64.

⁹⁵Regional Planning Guidance for the South East Public Examination Panel, Public Examination May-June 1999: Report of the Panel (Guildford, UK: Government Offices for the East of England, London, and the South East, 1999), p. 24.

⁹⁶From the official Thames Gateway website, online at: http://www.thamesgateway.gov.uk/8_HomesAndCommunities.html?PHPSESSID=a882c0b3d32aef4f24beb8783e25b86b.

⁹⁷See http://www.thamesgateway.gov.uk/2_Environment.html.