Kleptocratic Capitalism, Climate Finance, and the Green Economy in Africa

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Notes

¹This paper is a slightly edited version of a lecture delivered at the Go Green Afrique: Africa Fair And Conference, organized by Initiative Africa in Addis Ababa, June 23, 2011.

²NASDAQ is an acronym for National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations. According to Wikipedia, it is “the largest electronic screen-based equity securities trading market in the United States and second largest by market capitalization in the world.” The National Association of Securities Dealers set it up in 1971, and as of January 13, 2011, it had 2,872 listings.

³Africa holds 90 percent of the world's deposits of cobalt, 90 percent of its platinum, 50 percent of its gold, 98 percent of its chromium, 64 percent of its manganese, 33 percent of its uranium, and 80 percent of its columbite-tantalite (Yumkella and Davies 2011).

⁴The LRI provides legal support and training for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) in the UN Climate Change talks. The LRI was set up in mid-2009 by attorneys from Oxfam GB, World Wildlife Fund U.K. as well as several practicing lawyers in London. See http://www.legalresponseinitiative.org/index.html.