An Ecosocialist Horizon for Venezuela: A Solar Communist Horizon for the World

^‡Note: Sections I, IV, and V were written by David Schwartzman; sections II, III, and the Conclusion by Quincy Saul, with both authors reviewing the whole paper. Supplementary material for this paper, including an update on “How much energy does humanity need?”, can be found at: http://ecosocialisthorizons.com. This article is an updated version of a paper given at “Moving Beyond Capitalism” Conference, July 29–August 5, 2014, Center for Global Justice, San Miguel de Allende, Mexico.

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Notes

^‡ Note: Sections I, IV, and V were written by David Schwartzman; sections II, III, and the Conclusion by Quincy Saul, with both authors reviewing the whole paper. Supplementary material for this paper, including an update on “How much energy does humanity need?”, can be found at: http://ecosocialisthorizons.com. This article is an updated version of a paper given at “Moving Beyond Capitalism” Conference, July 29–August 5, 2014, Center for Global Justice, San Miguel de Allende, Mexico.

¹The Mercosur Group includes the following member states: Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay. Their total population (including Bolivia and Ecuador) is now 308 million (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population).

²Note that, of the Mercosur members, Venezuela is closest to the 3.5 kilowatt/person level, while now ranking 73 in the world with respect to life expectancy, with Uruguay ranking the highest at 49; note that Cuba is 38 and U.S. 35; Life expectancy at birth (years), World Health Income inequality and the legacy of poverty are still significant, likely accounting for Venezuela's life expectancy statistic.