The Destruction of Memory

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Notes

1 Robert Bevan, The Destruction of Memory: Architecture at War (London: Reaktion Books, 2006). For the film's website see http://destructionofmemoryfilm.com.

2 Brano Grujic, in C. J. Williams, “Serbs Stay Their Ground On Muslim Lands,” Los Angeles Times, March 28, 1993, http://articles.latimes.com/1993-03-28/news/mn-16253_1_bosnian-serb

3 Raphael Lemkin, “The Evolution of the Genocide Convention,” Lemkin Papers, New York Public Library, quoted in Bevan, The Destruction of Memory, 210.

4 Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its Annex: Regulations Concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land. The Hague, October 18, 1907. Annex to the Convention Regulations Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, Section II. Hostilities, Chapter I. Means of Injuring the Enemy, Sieges, and Bombardments, Article 23 (g), https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/0/1d1726425f6955aec125641e0038bfd6.

5 Reprinted in Lemkin, “The Evolution of the Genocide Convention.” Originally published as Les actes constituant un danger general (interétatique) consideres comme delites des droit des gens (Paris: A. Pedone, 1933). For the English version, translated by Jim Fussell with the assistance and review of Prevent Genocide International volunteers, see http://www.preventgenocide.org/lemkin/madrid1933-english.htm.

6 A good overview of the way cultural genocide was debated by the UN member states is included in Jayme Herschkopf and Julie Hunter, Genocide Reinterpreted: An Analysis of the Genocide Convention's Potential Application to Canada's Indian Residential School System (New Haven, CT: Allard K. Lowenstein International Human Rights Clinic, Yale University College of Law, April 2011; prepared for the Canadian Truth and Reconciliation Commission), https://law.yale.edu/system/files/area/center/schell/canadian_trc_paper_final.pdf.

7 For the full text of 1954 Hague Convention, with a link to parties who have ratified the agreement and a list of declarations and reservations, see http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13637&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html.

8 A May 2016 concert, orchestrated by Putin, offers an example of using Aleppo for propaganda; see “Russia's Valery Gergiev Conducts Concert in Palmyra Ruins, BBC World News, May 5, 2016, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-36211449. For an exploration of the dynamics of lucrative rebuilding contracts, see Bethany Allen-Ebrahimian, “Syrian Reconstruction Spells Juicy Contracts for Russian, Iranian Firms,” October 20, 2017, Foreign Policy, http://foreignpolicy.com/2017/10/20/syrian-reconstruction-spells-juicy-contracts-for-russian-iranian-firms-china-civil-war/.

9 To follow the progress of the Al Hassan case, see the ICC's website at https://www.icc-cpi.int/mali/al-hassan.

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Tim Slade

Author Biography

Tim Slade's films have screened internationally. He has directed documentaries such as 4, which was released theatrically, won a Gold HUGO, and received nominations at the Banff World Television Festival, an International Documentary Association Award, and two Australian Film Institute awards. He has also directed dramas, including the shorts Every Other Weekend and I Was Robert Mitchum. His films have screened at more than seventy international film festivals. He holds a bachelor of fine arts in film from the University of New South Wales, Australia.