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Notes
1 Jonathan Silvertown and Deborah Charlesworth, Introduction to Plant Population Biology (Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009), 169.
2 Cornelia Hanna McMurtrie, “The Beech in Boston,” Arnoldia 42, no. 1 (1982): 32–44.
3 Alexander von Hoffman, “‘Of Greater Lasting Consequence’: Frederick Law Olmsted and the Fate of Franklin Park, Boston,” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 47, no. 4 (1988): 339–50.
4 Russell M. Burns and Barbara H. Honkala, eds., Silvics of North America 2: Hardwoods (Washington, DC: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1990), 653–67.
5 Ibid.
6 Boston Research Advisory Group, Climate Ready Boston: Climate Projections Consensus (Boston: City of Boston, 2016).
7 Within the field of contemporary restoration ecology, there are active and lively debates on the value of native versus non-native plant species. The evaluation of these species is contested through diverse criteria of benefit and harm, but functionality within an ecosystem is emphasized over aesthetic and cultural concerns.
8 At present, there is no active restoration plan for Franklin Park's aging forest canopy beyond regular park maintenance for visitor safety. The Franklin Park Coalition, a nonprofit citizen advocacy group, issued a draft management plan in 2008, but it was never officially adopted by the City of Boston.
9 International Council on Monuments and Sites, Historic Gardens (The Florence Charter), 1982, https://www.icomos.org/charters/gardens_e.pdf.
10 Ibid.
11 United States National Park Service, Secretary of the Interior's Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Landscapes (Washington, DC,1992), https://www.nps.gov/tps/standards/four-treatments/landscape-guidelines/index.htm.
12 Robert Melnick, “Climate Change and Landscape Preservation: Rethinking Our Strategies,” Change Over Time 5, no. 2 (2015): 174–79; United States National Park Service, National Park Service Climate Change Response Strategy (Fort Collins, 2010), https://www.nature.nps.gov/climatechange/docs/NPS_CCRS.pdf.
13 J. Keulartz, “Future Directions for Conservation,” Environmental Values 25, no. 4 (2016): 385–407; Bradley J. Butterfield et al., “Prestoration: Using Species in Restoration That Will Persist Now and into the Future,” Restoration Ecology 25 (2017): S155–63; Eric Higgs et al., “The Changing Role of History in Restoration Ecology,” Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 12, no. 9 (2014): 499–506.
14 Jorge Otero-Pailos and Danielle Choi, “The Not-Me Creation: Interview with Jorge Otero Pailos,” Harvard Design Magazine, no. 44 (Fall–Winter 2017): 94–100.
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Danielle Narae Choi
Danielle Narae Choi is an assistant professor of landscape architecture at the Harvard Graduate School of Design (GSD). She teaches in the core studio sequence and leads design research seminars. Choi's current research concerns infrastructure and the public realm in the political ecology of American urbanization. She is a licensed landscape architect in New York State, and holds a bachelor of arts in art history from the University of Chicago and a masters in landscape architecture from the GSD.