Methods Development Study for Measuring Pesticide Exposure to Golf Course Workers Using Video Imaging Techniques

Abstract

The primary objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of using video imaging methods to assist with the design of improved spray application systems that would reduce golf course worker exposure. Method development studies were performed using design engineers as subjects. No pesticide active ingredient was used during the studies. Results are reported as amounts of fluorescent tracer observed on each worker. Exposures for the two spray applicator drivers were relatively low, with the lowest exposure recorded for the driver of the vehicle with a cab. The most striking result was the large amount of exposure received by the mixing/loading worker, nearly three orders of magnitude greater than for the drivers. Tracer dye amounts were greatest on the hands (about 98% of total), with the balance of the exposure occurring on the face and torso. No dye was observed on the air filters used to estimate breathing zone and ambient air exposure levels. Dye amounts measured on the patches located on the equipment suggested only small amounts of contamination on the equipment, except in the vicinity of the tank lid. The modified VITAE^© system is an effective alternative to standard dermal dosimetry using patches and analytical chemistry methods. Workers, design engineers, and researchers can see where and how exposure occurs, and what protective clothing or equipment may prevent any further exposure.