Elections as Storytelling Contests

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Notes

1. Benedicta Lumor (Ghanaian voter), cited in ‘Voting Memories’, International Museum of Women <http://www.imow.org/exhibitions/women-power-and-politics/voting/voting-memories> [accessed 24 January 2015].

2. Kate Lithincum, ‘Nitty-gritty of Democracy Carries On’, Los Angeles Times, 21 November 2008 <http://articles.latimes.com/2008/nov/21/local/me-la-vote21> [accessed 24 January 2015].

3. Richard Schechner, Performance Studies: An Introduction (London: Routledge, 2002), p. 22.

4. Walter Lippmann, The Phantom Public (New York: Transaction Publishers, 1927), p. 3.

5. Robert S. Erikson, Michael B. MacKuen, and James A. Stimson, The Macro Polity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), p. 321.

6. G. Bingham Powell, Elections as Instruments of Democracy: Majoritarian and Proportional Visions (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000), p. 14.

7. David Butler and Austin Ranney, Electioneering: A Comparative Study of Continuity and Change (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992), p. 7.

8. Lippmann, The Phantom Public, p. 116.

9. Richard Rose and Harve Massawir, ‘Voting and Elections: A Functional Analysis’, Political Studies, 15 (June 1967), 173–201 (p.179).

10. James Adams and Lawrence Ezrow, ‘Who do European Parties Represent? How Western European Parties Represent the Policy Preferences of Opinion Leaders’, The Journal of Politics, 71.1 (January 2009), 206–23 (p. 218).

11. Inequality and American Democracy: What We Know and What We Need to Learn, ed. by Lawrence R. Jacobs and Theda Skocpol (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2005), p. 1.

12. Larry M. Bartels, ‘Homer Gets a Tax Cut: Inequality and Public Policy in the American Mind’, Perspectives on Politics, 3.1 (March 2005), 15–31 (pp. 29–30).

13. Martin Gilens, ‘Inequality and Democratic Responsiveness’, Public Opinion Quarterly, 69.5 (2005), 778–96 (p. 790).

14. Robert A. Dahl, Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1971), p. 1.

15. Hayden White, The Content of the Form: Narrative Discourse and Historical Representation (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989), p. 14.

16. Walter R. Fisher, ‘Narration as a Human Communication Paradigm: The Case of Public Moral Argument’, Communications Monographs, 51 (June 1984), 1–22. (p. 4).

17. W. Lance Bennett and Murray Edelman, ‘Toward a New Political Narrative’, Journal of Communication, 35.4 (1985), 156–71 (p. 160).

18. See K. J. Arrow, Social Choice and Individual Values (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1951); Anthony Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1997); André Blais, To Vote or Not To Vote?: The Merits and Limits of Rational Choice Theory (Pittsburg, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2000); Timothy J. Feddersen, ‘Rational Choice Theory and the Paradox of Not Voting’, Journal of Economic Perspectives 18.1 (Winter 2004), 99–112.

19. See James C. Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990).

20. See Leaders in the Living Room – The Prime Ministerial Debates of 2010: Evidence, Evaluation and Some Recommendations, ed. by Stephen Coleman (Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, 2011).

21. The First Election Debate, ITV, 15th April 2010.

22. Ibid.

23. Michael Warner, Publics and Counterpublics (New York: Zone Books, 2002), p. 114.

24. Judi Atkins and Alan Finlayson, ‘“…A 40‐Year‐Old Black Man Made the Point to Me”: Everyday Knowledge and the Performance of Leadership in Contemporary British Politics’, Political Studies, 61.1 (March 2013), 161–77 (p. 165).

25. Jeffrey C. Alexander, The Performance of Politics: Obama’s Victory and the Democratic Struggle for Power (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2010), p. 18.

26. Dietram Scheufele and David Tewksbury, ‘Framing, Agenda Setting, and Priming: The Evolution of Three Media Effects Models’, Journal of Communication, 57.1 (March 2007), 9–20 (p. 11).

27. See Thomas E. Patterson, The Vanishing Voter: Public Involvement in an Age of Uncertainty (New York: Random House, 2009); Dominic Wring and Stephen Ward, ‘The Media and the 2010 Campaign: The Television Election?’, Parliamentary Affairs, 63 (October 2010), 802–17; Stephen J. Farnsworth and S. Robert Lichter, ‘Network Television’s Coverage of the 2008 Presidential Election’, American Behavioural Scientist, 55 (April 2011), 354–70.

28. Pierre Bourdieu, Sociology in Question (London: Sage, 1993), p. 154.

29. Stephen Coleman, How Voters Feel (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013).

30. Herbert Blumer, ‘Public Opinion and Public Opinion Polling’, American Sociological Review 13.5 (October 1948), 542–49.

31. See Jean Burgess, ‘Hearing Ordinary Voices: Cultural Studies, Vernacular Creativity and Digital Storytelling’, Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies 20 (January 2006), 201–14; Nick Couldry, ‘Mediatization or Mediation? Alternative Understandings of the Emergent Space of Digital Storytelling’, New Media & Society 10 (June 2008), 373–91; Digital Storytelling, Mediatized Stories: Self-Representations in New Media, ed. by Knut Lundby (London: Peter Lang, 2008); Joe Lambert, Digital Storytelling: Capturing Lives, Creating Community (London: Routledge, 2013); Adriana Cavarero, Relating Narratives: Storytelling and Selfhood (London: Routledge, 2014).

32. See Baz Kershaw, The Politics of Performance: Radical Theatre as Cultural Intervention (London: Routledge, 2002); Helen Nicholson, Applied Drama: The Gift of Theatre (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005); Jonothan Neelands, ‘Taming the Political: The Struggle Over Recognition in the Politics of Applied Theatre’, RiDE: Research in Drama Education, 12 (October 2007), 305–17; and Shannon Jackson, Social Works: Performing Art, Supporting Publics (London, Routledge, 2011).

33. Stephen Coleman, ‘Beyond the Po-Faced Public Sphere’ in Can The Media Serve Democracy?: Essays in Honour of Jay G. Blumler, ed. by Stephen Coleman, Giles Moss, and Katy Parry (Houdmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015) pp. 184–94.

34. Nina Eliasoph, ‘Political Culture and the Presentation of a Political Self: A Study of the Political Sphere in the Spirit of Erving Goffman’, Theory and Society, 19 (August 1990), 465–94 (p. 473).