Effect of gender differences on 3-on-3 basketball games taught in a mobile flipped classroom

ABSTRACT

Physical education emphasizes learning sports skills, which is why it is usually conducted in a face-to-face manner. Instructors focus on explaining rules and demonstrating moves, which the learners are required to repeat and imitate. Flipped classrooms have become a trend; thus, the present study investigated their influence on physical education. A mobile application for novice and advanced basketball players was developed and tested in a course teaching 3-on-3 basketball and various teaching methods were implemented to test for the effects of gender differences on learning outcome. The participants were students enrolled in the aforementioned course in a university in central Taiwan. 326 participants were included in the study, of whom 238 were male and 88 were female. The duration of the experiment was 5 weeks between May and June 2017, during which the correctness of moves, maneuverability, teamwork, sense of balance, and adaptability of the participants were evaluated and graded as their learning outcome. The research team observed the participants each week to gather empirical data for analysis. The results indicate that a mobile flipped classroom is the optimal teaching strategy, followed by projecting teaching; therefore, a mobile flipped classroom is the recommended approach to be integrated into physical education.

KEYWORDS:

• flipped classroom
• gender
• learning performance
• physical education
• mobile learning

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes on contributors

Dr. Tosti Hsu-Cheng Chiang is an assistant Professor of the Graduate Institute of Mass Communication, National Taiwan Normal University in Taiwan. His research interests include new media, learning analysis, problem-based learning, and augmented reality learning.

Dr. Stephen J. H. Yang is the Distinguished Professor of Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering, National Central University in Taiwan. His research interests include big data, learning analytics, machine learning, cloud computing and MOOCs.

Dr. Chengjiu Yin is the Associate Professor of Information Science and Technology Center, Kobe University, Japan. His research interests include e-learning, mobile learning, educational data mining, and learning analysis.

ORCID

Tosti Hsu-Cheng Chiang http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4033-457X

Chengjiu Yin http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1492-5250

Additional information

Funding

This work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, under grants MOST 105-2511-S-008-003-MY3 and MOST 106-2511- S-003 -022.