Impairment of apoptosis pathway via Apaf1 downregulation during chlorpyrifos and/or cypermethrin induced lung damage

Abstract

Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate and the cypermethrin is type 2 pyrethroid insecticide that are used for indoor and outdoor pest control. The present study aimed to investigate differential transcriptional profiling to identify the candidate gene associated with lung injury following exposure to chlorpyrifos and/or cypermethrin in a mouse model system. Swiss male albino mice (n = 24) were divided into three treatment groups (n = 6 each) that were given chlorpyrifos (2.76 mg kg⁻¹ body weight), cypermethrin (2 mg kg⁻¹ body weight) and the combination of both pesticides orally dissolved in corn oil and one control group (n = 6) that received corn oil for 90 days. The pulmonary expression of the Apaf1 was observed using RT2 Profiler PCR Array. The results showed that chronic exposure to chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and their combination downregulated (67, 63 and 66 genes) and upregulated (4, 2 and 2 genes), respectively. The pulmonary expression of Apaf1 that plays important role in apoptosis was found to be downregulated. The immunohistochemistry depicted reduced expression of Apaf1 in both airway epithelium and alveolar septa following exposure to chlorpyrifos and/or cypermethrin. In conclusion, results demonstrated that exposure to chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and their combination cause lung damage by the dysregulation of Apaf1 gene expression.

Keywords:

• Apaf1
• RT2 PCR Array
• lung damage

Disclosure statement

All the authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest in connection with this paper.

Authors’ contribution

Nasrul I. Shaikh carried out the experimental work and drafted the manuscript. RSS initiated the study, designed the experiments, and participated in the manuscript preparation. Both the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.