Total Polyphenol, Flavonoid, and Proanthocyanidin Contents and Biological Activities of Inula Graveolens Collected from Chebba (Tunisia) Salt Marsh

ABSTRACT

The biological activities of Inula graveolens in Chebba (Tunisia) salt marsh were screened. Total polyphenol (TPP), flavonoid (TF), and proanthocyanidin (TPC) contents were determined and the correlation between the phytochemistry and the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-enzymatic activities was assessed. The polyphenols in the solvent extracts suggested that salinity stress may enhance the production of bioactive compounds. Antiradical activities and a potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitory power were observed. I. graveolens extracts were antimicrobial against Salmonella typhimurium, Micrococcus luteus, and Staphylococcus aureus. Total flavonoids correlated with the activity against M. luteus, while the total polyphenols content was not correlated with the antimicrobial activity.

KEYWORDS:

• Antioxidants
• antimicrobials
• anti-acetylcholinesterase
• anti-tyrosinase

Acknowledgments

This research was funded by the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest concerning this article.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research.