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Original Articles

The role of personality in psychotherapists’ careers: Relationships between personality traits, therapeutic schools, and job satisfaction

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Pages 365-375 | Received 01 Jan 2006, Published online: 21 May 2007
 

Abstract

This study explored the relationship between psychotherapists' personality traits (i.e., intuition, openness for experience, and need for cognition) and their therapeutic orientation (i.e., insight versus behavior oriented). Results of N = 184 psychotherapists indicate a higher relationship between personality and therapeutic orientation (TO) for the later stages of their careers. Although the TO of therapists? initial psychotherapy training was only explained by their discipline (psychology, medicine) and the TO of their graduate school, their current work as well as the TO of subsequent trainings were predominantly explained by personality traits. Insight orientation was positively correlated with intuition, openess for experience, and need for cognition. The data also reveal that self-employed, open, and psychoanalytically oriented therapists indicated higher job satisfaction. Finally, the congruence between personality and current TO affected job satisfaction.

Zusammenfassung

Die Rolle der Persönlichkeit bei psychotherapeutischen Berufen: Beziehung zwischen Persönlichkeitseigenschaften, therapeutischer Schule und Arbeitszufriedenheit

Die Studie untersuchte die Beziehung zwischen Persönlichkeitseigenschaften der Therapeuten (z.B. Intuition, Offenheit für Erfahrungen und ,need for cognition’) und deren therapeutischer Orientierung (Analytische- versus Verhaltenstherapeutische Orientierung). Die Ergebnisse von N = 184 Psychotherapeuten indizierten einen hohen Zusammenhang zwischen Persönlichkeit und therapeutischer Orientierung (TO) in den späteren Abschnitten des Berufslebens. Die TO der frühen psychotherapeutischen Ausbildung der Therapeuten wurde nur über deren Disziplin (Psychologie, Medizin) und die TO ihres Ausbildungsinstituts erklärt. Im Weiteren zeigt sich, dass ihre aktuelle Arbeit und die TO von nachfolgender Ausbildung vorherrschend von Persönlichkeitseigenschaften erklärt wurde. Dabei korreliert Psychoanalytische Orientierung positiv mit Intuition, Offenheit für Erfahrungen und ,need for cognition’. Die Daten sagen ebenfalls aus, dass selbstständige, offene und psychoanalytisch- orientierte Therapeuten höhere Arbeitszufriedenheit zeigten. Abschließend ergab sich, dass die Kongruenz zwischen Persönlichkeit und aktueller TO die Arbeitszufriedenheit beeinflusste.

Résumé

Le rôle de la personnalité dans la carrière de psychothérapeute: relation entre traits de personnalité, écoles thérapeutiques et satisfaction dans le travail

Cette étude a exploré la relation entre les traits de personnalité de psychothérapeutes (l'intuition, l'ouverture pour des expériences, le besoin de cognition) et leur orientation thérapeutique (insight ou comportement). Les résultats de N = 184 psychothérapeutes indiquent une relation élevée entre personnalité et orientation thérapeutique (OT) pour les phases ultérieures de leur carrière. Malgré que l'OT de la formation psychothérapeutique initiale était expliqué seulement par leur discipline (psychologie, médecine) et l'OT de leur institut universitaire, leur travail actuel et l'OT des formations suivantes s'expliquaient surtout par des traits de personnalité. Une orientation vers l'insight était corrélée positivement avec l'intuition, l'ouverture pour des expériences et le besoin de cognition. Les données révèlent également que des thérapeutes installés, ouverts et avec une orientation psychanalytique indiquent une plus grande satisfaction dans leur travail. Enfin, la congruence entre la personnalité et l'OT actuelle a une influence sur la satisfaction dans le travail.

Resumen

Relaciones entre rasgos de personalidad, escuelas terapéuticas y satisfacción en el trabajo

Este estudio exploró la relación entre rasgos de personalidad de los terapeutas (v.g. intuición, apertura para la experiencia y necesidad de conocimiento) y sus orientaciones terapéuticas (v.g. insight vs. comportamiento). Los resultados de N = 184 indican una mayor relación entre personalidad y orientación terapéutica (OT) para las últimas etapas de sus carreras. Si bien la OT de los terapeutas en su entrenamiento psicoterapéutico inicial se explicaba solo por sus disciplinas (psicología, medicina) y la OT de su escuela de graduación, su trabajo habitual así también como la OT de sus subsiguientes entrenamientos se explicó predominantemente por los rasgos de su personalidad. La orientación de su insight estuvo positivamente correlacionada con la intuición, la apertura para la experiencia y la necesidad de conocimiento. Los datos también revelan que los terapeutas autoempleados (self-employed), abiertos y orientados psicoanalíticamente obtuvieron mayor satsfacción en el trabajo. Finalmente, la congruencia entre personalidad y la OT habitual afectó la satisfacción en el trabajo.

Resumo

O papel da personalidade na carreira dos psicoterapeutas: Relação entre traços de personalidade, escolas terapêuticas e satisfação laboral

Este estudo procurou explorar a relação entre traços de personalidade dos psicoterapeutas (i.e., intuição, abertura à experiência, necessidade de cognição) e a sua orientação terapêutica (i.e. orientada para insight vs comportamento). Os resultados de uma amostra de N = 184 psicoterapeutas indicam uma maior relação entre traços de personalidade e orientação psicoterapêutica (OT) nas fases mais avançadas da sua carreira. Apesar da OT dos terapeutas e treino psicoterapêutico inicial só ter sido explicado pela sua área (psicologia, medicina) e pela OT da sua escola de formação, o seu trabalho actual, tal como a orientação teórica das suas práticas subsequentes, foram predominantemente explicados pelas suas características da personalidade.

A orientação para o insight mostrou-se positivamente correlacionada com a intuição, abertura à experiência e necessidade de cognição. Os resultados revelam ainda que os psicoterapeutas a trabalhar por conta própria, com maior abertura e com orientação psicanalítica indicavam maior satisfação laboral. Por último, a congruência entre personalidade e OT actual afectavam a satisfação laboral.

Sommario

Il ruolo di personalità nella carriera degli psicoterapeuti: Il rapporto tra tratti di personalità, scuole terapeutiche, e soddisfazione lavorativa

Questo studio ha esplorato il rapporto tra i tratti di personalità dei psicoterapeuti (cioè, l'intuizione, l'apertura all'esperienza, ed il bisogno di conoscenza) e il loro orientamento terapeutico (introspezione/insight contro orientamento comportamentale). I risultati in N = 184 psicoterapeuti indicano una correlazione pi[ugrave] alta tra personalità e orientamento terapeutico (OT) negli stadi pi[ugrave] tardi di carriera. Sebbene l'OT dei terapeuti in fase iniziale di training era spiegato dalla loro disciplina (psicologia o medicina) e dall'orientamento adottato nella loro scuola di specializzazione, il lavoro al momento dello studio e l'OT dei training successivi era spiegato in maggior parte dai tratti di personalità. La preferenza per l'insight era in correlazione con l'intuizione, l'apertura all'esperienza, ed il bisogno di conoscenza. I dati rivelavano anche che i terapisti psicanaliticamente orientati in attività privata e libera mostravano pi[ugrave] alti livelli di soddisfazione lavorativa. Infine, la congruenza tra personalità e OT influenzava la soddisfazione lavorativa.

Abstract

We gratefully acknowledge the valuable contribution of Dr. Daniel Leising to this work, especially his lucid advices for the statistical evaluation. We thank Prof. Dr. Michael Macht for critical reading of this article as well as three anonymous reviewers. We also thank Viola Rost for the language check and Dr. Christian Maag and Dr. Rainer Scheuchenpflug for their support.

Notes

1. More detailed results of this analysis are available on request from Sascha Topolinski.

2. A stepwise logistic regression analysis showed virtually the same results.

3. None of the dimensions that were excluded from the calculation of TO (CC, SYS, or other therapeutic approaches) was related to the personality measures (all ps>.10).

4. The effect of participants’ current age on the TO of the first training must be considered as a retrospective bias because the actual year of the start of the training does not correlate with the training's TO (r s=−.054, p=.467). Thus, the older the therapist is, the more insight orientation that is reported for the first education irrespective of when that education was received. This is why this effect is not considered in the interpretation.

5. Only the subsequent trainings were significant predictors of current psychoanalytic attitude, which themselves are explained solely by intuition.

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