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Original Articles

Assessing living skills in forensic mental health care with the behavioural status index: A European network study

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Pages 334-344 | Received 03 Jul 2006, Published online: 18 Aug 2008
 

Abstract

Assessment of living skills and violence risk in forensic psychiatric patients is a priority for clinicians. Suitably fine-grained instruments are rare. The goal of this study was to compare a norm-based psychometric assessment battery (the Behavioural Status [BEST] Index) with known valid instruments. Parallel cohort studies were undertaken in four European countries. Inpatients from 24 forensic psychiatric clinics were assessed three times using five instruments measuring living skills, psychological symptoms, aggression, and violence risk. Positive clinical changes were noted in insight, empathy, and some behaviors related to communication and living skills, with little change in violence risk, which was low to medium for most patients. Clinical congruence was observed between logically cognate items of the BEST Index and comparison instruments. Evidence for the scientific and clinical utility of the BEST Index as an effective tool for forensic psychiatric practice is discussed.

Abstract

Die Messung lebenspraktischer Fertigkeiten und das Risiko gewalttätiger Verhaltensweisen von forensisch-psychiatrischen Patienten stellt eine hohe Dringlichkeit für Kliniker dar. Passende feinkörnige Instrumente sind rar. Ziel dieser Studie war es ein normbasiertes psychometrisches Instrument (Behavioural Status [BEST] Index) mit bekannten validen Instrumenten zu vergleichen. Parallel verlaufende Kohortenstudien wurden in vier europäischen Ländern unternommen.

24 stationäre Patienten aus forensisch-psychiatrischen Kliniken wurden zu drei Messzeitpunkten mit fünf verschieden Instrumenten, welche lebenspraktische Fertigkeiten, psychologische Symptome, Aggression und das Risiko gewalttätiger Verhaltensweisen messen, untersucht. Positive klinische Veränderungen wurden bei Einsicht, Empathie und bei einigen Verhaltensweisen, die im Zusammenhang mit Kommunikation und lebenspraktischen Fertigkeiten stehen, registriert; wohingegen kaum Veränderungen im Risiko gewalttätiger Verhaltensweisen auftraten, welches als gering bis mittel für die meisten Patienten eingestuft wurde. Klinische Übereinstimmung wurde zwischen logisch verwandten Items des BEST Indexes und den Vergleichsinstrumenten beobachtet. Die Belege für die wissenschaftliche und klinische Nützlichkeit des BEST Index, als ein effizientes Instrument für die forensisch-psychiatrische Praxis wurde diskutiert.

Résumé

L’évaluation des aptitudes à la vie quotidienne et des risques de violence des patients en psychiatrie légale est une priorité pour les cliniciens. Rares sont les instruments suffisamment fins. Le but de cette étude était de comparer une batterie d’évaluation basées sur des normes psychométriques (l'index de statut comportemental [BEST]) avec des instruments reconnus pour leur validité. Des études de cohortes parallèles ont été entreprises dans quatre pays européens. Des patients hospitalisés de 24 cliniques psychiatriques légales ont été évalués trois fois à l'aide de cinq instruments mesurant les aptitudes à la vie quotidienne, les symptômes psychologiques, l'agression, et les risques de violence. Des changements cliniques positifs ont été constaté dans l'insight, l'empathie et des comportements en relation avec la communication et les aptitudes à la vie quotidienne, mais peu de changements dans les risques de violence, qui étaient faibles à modérés pour la plupart des patients. Une congruence clinique a été observée entre des items de l'index BEST logiquement apparentés et les instruments de comparaison. La preuve de l'utilité clinique et scientifique de l'index BEST en tant qu'outil effectif pour la pratique psychiatrique légale est discutée.

Abstract

La estimacón de las estrategias de vida y del riesgo de violencia en pacientes psiquiátricos forenses es una prioridad para los clínicos. Son raros los instrumentos de evaluación fina. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar una bateria de evaluación psicométrica basada en la norma (el ïndice de Estatuto Comportamental [BEST]) con instrumentos válidos conocidos. Se emprendieron estudios paralelos de cohortes en cuatro países europeos. Se evaluaron tres veces pacientes internados en 24 clínicas psiquiátricas forenses empleando cinco instrumentos que medían estrategias vitales, síntomas psicológicos, agresión y riesgo de violencia. Se notaron cambios clínicos positivos en insight, empatía y algunos comportamientos relacionados con la comunicación y las estrategias de vida con poco cambio en el riesgo de violencia, que fue entre bajo y medio para la mayoría de los pacientes. Se observó congruencia clínica entre los ítems lógicamente cognados del ïndice BEST y los instrumentos de comparación. Se debate la evidencia de la utilidad científica y clínica del ïndice BEST como herramiento efectiva para la práctica psiquiátrica forense.

Abstract

Utilizzo del Behavioural status index nella valutazione delle abilità di vita in psichiatria forense; uno studio multi centrico europeo.

La valutazione delle abilità di vita e del rischio di violenza in un paziente psichiatrico forense è una priorità per i clinici gli strumenti raffinati ed affidabili sono rari. L'obiettivo di questo studio era di confrontare una batteria di assesment psicometrico [il Behavioural status (BEST) index] con strumenti conosciuti e validi. Studi di coorte paralleli sono stati intrapresi in 4 paesi europei. In pazienti provenienti da 24 cliniche psichiatriche forensi sono stati testati 3 volte usando 5 strumenti che misuravano abilità di vita, sintomi psicologici aggressività e rischio di violenza. Sono stati registrati positivi cambiamenti clinici in insight, empatia ed alcuni comportamenti relativi alla comunicazione ed alle abilità della vita quotidiana pochi cambiamenti sono stati registrati nel rischo di violenza che andava da basso a medio per la maggioranza dei pazienti. La congruenza clinica è stata osservata fra items associati logicamente del BEST Index e gli srumenti di controllo. La prova del'utilità scientifica e clinica del BEST Index come un'efficace strumento per la pratica forense è discussa nel testo.

Abstract

Acknowledgements

This research was funded by the European Commission (grant No. QLG5-CT-2001-01045). We are indebted to the distinguished psychometricians Alfred Lange, Robert Hare, Stephen Hart, and Kirsten Rasmussen for permissions, education, and advanced support in connection with comparison instruments; to David Robinson for his early formative work on the Social Risk subscale and for managing the Rampton-based protostudy; to Sandra Steele, Jean Woodally, Dag Ostby, Christian Lauvrud, Dave Langton, and Uwe Doenisch-Seidel for obtaining and managing local data sets; and to Andrew Garth, Richard Mather, Dominic Crossley, Tim Van Erven, and Uta Dienst for their valuable technical assistance. We thank all scientific and nursing staff of the 24 clinical sites who helped complete the international data set and the patients who voluntarily participated in this study, without whom no study would have been possible. By sad mischance, we lost two irreplaceable colleagues in April 2005, who died within weeks of each other: Antonius (Tom) Van Erven, a founder member of the consortium, and Jan Dijkstra, senior statistician, who together were responsible for devising and developing the Empathy subscale of the BEST Index. We thank Tom for his enthusiastic support, selfless advocacy, and creative contributions throughout and Jan for his innovative statistical work and continued involvement. We deeply miss these two good friends.

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