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EARLY CAREER AWARD PAPER

A psychotherapy researcher's perspective on therapist self-awareness and self-focused attention after a decade of research

Pages 139-146 | Received 23 May 2007, Published online: 28 Feb 2008
 

Abstract

In this Early Career Award paper, the interplay between quantitative and qualitative approaches to self-awareness in the psychotherapy literature is described. In addition, the linkages between therapist self-awareness and self-focused attention discussed in the cognitive and social psychology literatures are also addressed. Contradictory sets of findings are examined; for example, momentary states of therapist self-awareness have at times been associated with anxiety or poor performance and at other times with positive interpersonal processes and client perceptions. Some of the studies on the management of distracting self-awareness are also reviewed, and suggestions for future research in the areas of mindfulness, attentional flexibility, and the person of the therapist are provided.

Abstract

In diesem “Early Career Award“-Artikel, wird das Wechselspiel zwischen quantitativen und qualitativen Ansätzen bezüglich des Selbstbewusstsein in der Psychotherapieliteratur beschrieben. Zusätzlich wird die Verbindung zwischen dem Selbstbewusstseins des Therapeuten und der selbst-fokussierten Aufmerksamkeit, wie sie in der Kognition- und Sozialpsychologieliteratur diskutiert wird, besprochen. Widersprüchliche Befunde werden untersucht; z.B. wurde des momentane Selbstbewusstsein des Therapeuten zeitweise mit Ängstlichkeit und mangelhafter Leistung in Verbindung gebracht und zeitweise mit positiven interpersonalen Prozessen und der Wahrnehmung des Klienten. Einige der Studien, die sich mit dem Umgang der Ablenkung des Selbstbewusstseins befassen, werden besprochen und Anregungen für zukünftige Forschung in den Bereichen Achtsamkeit, aufmerksamkeitsrelevante Flexibilität sowie bezüglich der Person des Therapeuten, werden bereitgestellt.

Résumé

Dans ce papier du prix de la jeune carrière, l'influence réciproque entre approches quantitatives et qualitatives de la conscience de soi dans la littérature sur la psychothérapie est décrite. De plus, les liens entre la conscience de soi du thérapeute et l'attention focalisée sur soi discutés dans la psychologie cognitive et sociale sont également évoqués. Des ensembles contradictoires de résultats sont examinés. Par exemple, les états momentanés de la conscience de soi du thérapeute ont été a un certain moment associés avec de l'anxiété et des performances médiocres et à d'autres moments avec des processus interpersonnels positifs et les perceptions du client. Certaines études sur la gestion de la distraction de la conscience de soi sont également revus, et des suggestions pour de futures recherches sur la pleine conscience (mindfulness), la flexibilité de l'attention et la personne du thérapeute sont fournies.

Abstract

En este trabajo para el Award de Early Career, se describe el interjuego entre los enfoques cuanti y cualitativo de la autoconsciencia en la literatura sobre psicoterapia. Además, también se trata de los lazos entre la autoconsciencia del terapeuta y la auto-focalización de la atención discutidos en las literaturas de las psicologías cognitiva y social. Se examinan conjuntos de hallazgos contradictorios; por ejemplo, estados momentáneos de la autoconsciencia del terapeuta se han asociado a veces con ansiedad y rendimiento pobre y en otras oportunidades con procesos interpersonales positivos y con percepciones de los clientes. También se revisitan algunos de los estudios sobre el manejo de la distracción de la autoconsciencia y se proporcionan sugerencias para la futura investigación en las áreas de la preocupación, flexibilidad atencional y la persona del terapeuta.

Abstract

Neste artigo de Early Career Award, é descrita a interacção estabelecida, entre a abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa da auto-consciência, na literatura em psicoterapia. Para além disto, são também abordadas as ligações entre a auto-consciência e a atenção auto-dirigida, discutida na literatura relativa à psicologia cognitiva e social.

São examinados grupos de dados contraditórios entre si. Como exemplo, estados momentâneos de auto-consciência do terapeuta tem sido associados, em algumas ocasiões, com ansiedade ou pobre desempenho, sendo que, noutras ocasiões, é associado a processos interpessoais e percepções do cliente positivos.

Alguns estudos feitos na gestão de auto-consciência distractora são também revistos, assim como são feitas sugestões para investigação futura nas áreas de mindfulness (consciencialização), de flexibilidade atencional e da pessoa do terapeuta.

Abstract

In questo articolo per l'Early Career Award, si descrive la letteratura sull'interazione tra ricerca quantitativa e qualitativa all'auto-consapevolezza. Inoltre, si discute il legame tra auto-consapevolezza del terapeuta e attenzione auto-focalizzata nella letteratura della psicologia sociale e cognitiva. Si esaminano insiemi contradittori di risultati; per esempio, stati momentanei di auto-consapevolezza del terapeuta si sono associati a volte con ansia e prestazioni insoddisfacenti e altre volte con processi interpersonali positivi e buone percezioni del cliente. Si sono esaminati alcuni studi sulla gestione dell'auto-consapevolezza distraente, e si forniscono alcuni suggerimenti per ricerche future nell'area della mindfulness, della flessibilità attenzionale e la persona del terapeuta.

Abstract

Acknowledgements

My own research would not have been possible without the inspirational work and friendship of many, including Clara Hill, Charlie Gelso, Jeff Hayes, Jim Fauth, Nick Ladany, Annie Judge, Jill Barber, and many others. I thank my colleagues for their own good work as well as their ability to inspire me, make me laugh, and ask really great questions. I also thank the many students who have worked with me on research projects, and I thank my clients and research participants. I also thank the Society for Psychotherapy Research (SPR). I am grateful that the SPR is an organization composed of people inspired by research and psychotherapy and one that encourages us all to adopt new perspectives, take intellectual risks, and travel in unexpected and serendipitous directions.

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