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Original Articles

Alliance patterns over the course of short-term dynamic psychotherapy: The shape of productive relationships

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Pages 699-706 | Received 10 Oct 2007, Published online: 19 Oct 2009
 

Abstract

The shape of alliance processes over the course of psychotherapy has already been studied in several process–outcome studies on very brief psychotherapy. The present study applies the shape-of-change methodology to short-term dynamic psychotherapies and complements this method with hierarchical linear modeling. A total of 50 psychotherapies of up to 40 sessions were included. Alliance was measured at the end of each session. The results indicate that a linear progression model is most adequate. Three main patterns were found: stable, linear, and quadratic growth. The linear growth pattern, along with the slope parameter, was related to treatment outcome. This study sheds additional light on alliance process research, underscores the importance of linear alliance progression for outcome, and also fosters a better understanding of its limitations.

Die Form von Allianzprozessen im Psychotherapieverlauf wurde bereits in mehreren Prozess-Ergebnisstudien in Kurzzeittherapie untersucht. Die aktuelle Studie wendet die Methodik der „Form-der-Veränderung“ (shape-of-change) in dynamischer Kurzzeitpsychotherapie an und ergänzt diese Methode mit hierarischer linearer Modellierung. Eine Gesamtanzahl von 50 Psychotherapien mit bis zu 40 Sitzungen wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen. Die Allianz wurde am Ende jeder Sitzung gemessen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten auf, dass ein lineares Progressionsmodell am angemessensten ist. Drei Hauptmuster wurden gefunden: stabil, linear und quadratisches Wachstum. Das lineare Wachstumsmuster zusammen mit dem Slope-Parameter, standen im Zusammenhang mit dem Therapieergebnis. Diese Studie trägt zusätzlich zur Erhellung der Allianz-Prozess-Forschung bei, unterstreicht die Bedeutsamkeit linearer Allianz-Progression für das Therapieergebnis und unterstützt ein besseres Verständnis der Einschränkungen.

RÉSUMÉ

La forme des processus d'alliance au cours de la psychothérapie a été étudié dans plusieurs études sur les psychothérapies ultra-brèves. Cette étude applique la méthodologie de la forme-du-changement à des psychothérapies psychodynamiques brèves et complète cette approche à l'aide d'analyses multi-niveaux (HLM). Un total de 50 psychothérapies jusqu'à 40 séances ont été incluses. L'alliance était mesurée après chaque séance. Les résultats indiquent que le modèle de progression linéaire est le plus adéquat. Trois profils principaux ont été mis en évidence: stable, croissance linéaire, et croissance quadratique. Le profil de croissance linéaire, avec le paramètre de pente, est relié aux résultats thérapeutiques. Cette étude éclaire un peu plus la recherche sur le processus d'alliance, souligne l'importance de l'évolution linéaire de l'alliance au cours du traitement pour les résultats, et favorise une meilleure compréhension de ses limites.

A forma que os processos de aliança terapêutica adquirem durante o curso da psicoterapia já foi estudada em vários estudo de processo e resultados com psicoterapia breve. Este estudo aplica a metodologia “forma-da-mudança” às terapias dinâmicas breves, complementando este método com modelos lineares hierárquicos. Foram incluídos um total de 50 psicoterapias com o máximo de 40 sess[otilde]es. A aliança foi medida no final de cada sessão. Os resultados indicaram que um modelo linear progressivo é o mais adequado. Foram encontrados três padr[otilde]es principais: de crescimento estável, linear e de quadrático. O padrão de crescimento linear, em conjunto com o parâmetro slope, foi relacionado com os resultados terapêuticos. Este estudo trás uma luz adicional à investigação do processo de aliança terapêutica, sublinhando a importância da progressão linear da aliança para os resultados, e fomenta um melhor conhecimento das suas limitaç[otilde]es.

Il processo dell'alleanza terapeutica attraverso il corso della psicoterapia è stato indagato in diversi studi tramite delle psicoterapie brevi. Il presente studio applica la metodologia del cambiamento ad una psicoterapia psicodinamica a breve termine e lo completa attraverso la realizzazione di un modello di regressione lineare gerarchico. Sono stati reclutati 50 psicoterapeuti per 40 sessione. L'alleanza è stata valutata alla fine di ogni sessione. I risultati indicano che un modello di regressione lineare è molto adeguato per lo studio dell'alleanza. Tre diversi ambiti sono stati individuati: stabile, lineare e quadratico. Il modello lineare è stato correlato all'esito del trattamento. Questo studio mette in luce risultati diversi sul processo di alleanza, sottolinea l'importanza di un'alleanza in progressione lineare agli esiti e favorisce una migliore comprensione dei limiti.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Swiss FN Grant 3200BO-100706/1 and was presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Psychotherapy Research, Edinburgh, UK, June 2006. We thank Professor G. Tasca for his help with HLM analyses.

Notes

1. Computed according to the formula by Singer and Willett (Citation2003, p. 104).

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