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Original Articles

A study of silent disengagement and distressing emotion in psychotherapy

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Pages 495-510 | Received 05 Jul 2009, Accepted 05 Mar 2010, Published online: 15 Jun 2010
 

Abstract

Fifty-two psychotherapy sessions were coded for silences that reflect processes of client disengagement (e.g., withdrawal, resistance). The study examined the presence of these silences and clients' reports of in-session emotion and symptom change. Results indicated that disengagement predicted poorer proximal and distal outcome as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory for Primary Care (BDI-PC) and poorer proximal outcome on the Symptom Checklist-5, but it was not significantly predictive of Outcome Questionnaire-45 scores. Interitem analyses revealed that disengagement had a significant proximal effect on depressive mood and negative self-evaluative items assessed by the BDI-PC, but across time these effects were sustained for the negative self-evaluative items only.

Abstract

Stillschweigen, welches Prozesse des Disengagement (z.B. Rückzug, Widerstand) widerspiegelt, wurde in 52 Psychotherapiesitzungen untersucht. Die Studie untersuchte das Auftreten von Stillschweigen und Berichte von Klienten über Emotionen und Symptomveränderung innerhalb der Sitzungen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass Disengagement ein sowohl ein schlechteres zeitnahes als auch zukünftiges Therapieergebnis – gemessen mit dem Beck-Depressions-Inventar für die Primärversorgung (BDI-PC) – sowie ein schlechteres zeitnahes Therapieergebnis auf der Symptom-Checkliste-5 vorhersagten. Disengagement war dagegen nicht signifikant prädiktiv für die Outcome Questionnaire-45 Werte. Interitem-Analysen ergaben einen signifikanten zeitnahen Effekt von Disengagement auf die depressiven Verstimmungs- und Selbstbewertungs-Items – durch das BDI-PC erhoben wurden. Im zeitlichen Verlauf dagegen, wurde dieser Effekt nur für die Selbstbewertungs-Items aufrechterhalten.

RÉSUMÉ

Cinquante-deux séances de psychothérapie ont été codées pour les silences qui reflètent un désengagement du client (par exemple, retrait, résistance). L’étude a examiné la présence de ces silences et le compte-rendu du patient des émotions durant la séance et des changements symptomatiques. Les résultats indiquent que le désengagement prédit des résultats proximaux et distaux plus faible mesuré par l'inventaire de dépression de Beck pour les soins primaires (BDI-PC) et des résultats proximaux plus faible sur le liste des symptômes-5, mais ne prédit pas de manière significative le score au questionnaire de résultats-45 (OQ-45). Une analyse inter-items révèle que le désengagement a un effet proximal significatif sur les items mesurant l'humeur dépressive et l'auto-évaluation négative du BDI-PC, mais au cours du temps ces effets ne se maintiennent que pour les items d'auto-évaluation négative.

Abstract

Sono state codificate 52 sessioni di psicoterapia per rilevare i processi che portano ad una fine prematura della terapia (es., ritiro, resistenza). Nello studio sono stati esaminati la presenza di silenzi e di emozione dei clienti in relazione psicoterapeutica. I risultati indicano che la rottura della terapia predice esiti prossimali e distali più poveri come rilevato dal Becvk Depression Inventory for Primary Care (BDI-PC) e lo stesso si verifica attraverso la misura effettuata con il Symptom Checklist-5, ma non è stata significativamente predittivo il punteggio ottenuto con l' Outcome Questionnaire-45. L'analisi inter-item rileva che la rottura prematura della terapia ha un effetto prossimale significativo sull'umore depresso e negativo sulla propria autostima, ma col tempo questo effetto si traduce in come valutazione negativa dei singoli item.

Acknowledgements

This paper is derived from a larger psychotherapy effectiveness research study conducted at the University of Memphis Counseling center, which served as the basis of a master's thesis. The research was supported by a Centers of Excellence grant awarded to the Department of Psychology at the University of Memphis by the state of Tennessee.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Jessica v. Stringer

Jessica v. Stringer is now at the University of Alabama Birmingham, Department of Health Behavior

Heidi M. Levitt

Heidi M. Levitt is now at the University of Massachusetts Boston, Department of Psychology

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