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SPECIAL SECTION: EATING DISORDERS

Psychotherapies provided for eating disorders by community clinicians: Infrequent use of evidence-based treatment

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Pages 333-343 | Received 01 May 2012, Accepted 26 Sep 2012, Published online: 23 Oct 2012
 

Abstract

This study describes the psychological interventions used for eating disorders (EDs) by community practitioners. Of 573 clinicians we screened across Alberta, 130 (22.7%) had treated EDs; 118 (90.8%) were interviewed. Clinicians reported varied reasons for psychotherapy choice and diverse training experiences; the primary approaches used varied by education and field. The most common primary approach was eclectic (43.2%), followed by cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT; 22.9%). However, self-reported CBT clinicians used specific CBT techniques infrequently. Half of clinicians incorporated addictions-based techniques. These results indicate that ED treatment provided by community clinicians is varied and generally does not align with evidence-based practice guidelines.

Die Studie beschreibt die psychologischen Interventionen, die von Gemeindepraktikern zur Behandlung von Essstörungen (ED) eingesetzt werden. Von 573 Klinikern, die in der Region Alberta gescreent wurden, behandelten 130 (22.7%) Essstörungen; 118 (90.8%) davon wurden interviewt. Die Kliniker berichteten verschiedene Gründe für die Wahl ihrer Therapiemethode und diverse Trainingserfahrungen; der primäre Ansatz variierte in Abhängigkeit der Ausbildung und des Feldes. Die häufigste primäre Herangehensweise war eklektisch (43.2%), gefolgt von kognitiver Verhaltenstherapie (CBT; 22.9%). Therapeuten, welche sich selbst als CBT-Therapeuten einordneten, nutzten jedoch nur unregelmäßig CBT Techniken. Die Hälfte der Kliniker integrierten Techniken aus dem Suchtbereich. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass Gemeindepraktiker generell variierende Behandlungsansätze zur Behandlung von ED anbieten, die nicht den evidenzbasierten Richtlinien entsprechen.

Questo studio descrive gli interventi psicologici utilizzati nel trattamenti dei disturbi del comportamento alimentare (ED) dai clinici pubblici. Dei 573 clinici selezionati in Alberta, 130 (22,7%) hanno trattato ED; di questi, 118 (90,8%) sono stati intervistati. Questi clinici hanno riferito diversi motivi che hanno guidato la scelta della psicoterapia e diverse esperienze di formazione; gli approcci principali utilizzati variavano per formazione e campo di esercizio. L'approccio primario maggiormente utilizzato era quello eclettico (43,2%), seguito dalla terapia cognitivo-comportamentale (CBT; 22,9%). Tuttavia, i clinici che si dichiaravano CBT, raramente utilizzavano tecniche cognitivo-comportamentali specifiche. La metà dei clinici includevano tecniche basate sul trattamento delle dipendenze patologiche. Questi risultati indicano che il trattamento fornito per i disturbi del comportamento alimentare dai clinici che lavorano nel pubblico è diversificato, e generalmente non segue le linee guida basate sulle evidenze.

Este estudo descreve as intervenções utilizadas para as perturbações alimentares (PCAs) por clínicos da comunidade. Dos 573 clínicos avaliados em Alberta, 130 (22.7%) referem ter tratado PCAs; 118 (90.8%) foram entrevistados. Os clínicos referem várias razões para a escolha de psicoterapias e experiências de formação diversas; as abordagens primárias utilizadas variaram em termos de educação e de campo. A abordagem mais comum foi eclética (43.2%) seguida de cognitivo-comportamental (CBT; 22.9%). No entanto, os clínicos CBT utilizaram estas estratégias de um modo pouco frequente. Metade dos clínicos incorporam técnicas baseadas no tratamento de adições. Estes resultados indicam que o tratamento das PCA na comunidade fornecido por clínicos é variado e geralmente não vai ao encontro das práticas de tratamentos empiricamente validados.

Este estudio describe las intervenciones clínicas utilizada por los clínicos de inserción comunitaria en el tratamientos de los trastornos de conducta alimentaria (ED). De los 573 clínicos que identificamos en la provincia de Alberta, Canadá, 130 (22.7%) habían tratado casos de ED, de los cuales 118 fueron entrevistados (90,8%). Los clínicos reportaron diversas razones para elegir el tratamiento aplicado, así como diferentes formaciones de base, estando los aspectos básicos de los tratamientos determinados por su formación y campo habitual de ejercicio profesional. El abordaje de base más común fue el ecléctico (43,2%), seguido por los abordajes cognitivo-conductuales (CBT) (22,9%). Sn embargo los terapeutas que definían sus tratamientos como CBT, raramente usaban técnicas específicas de este abordaje. La mitad de los clínicos habían incorporado dispositivos terapéuticos que se utilizan en los tratamientos para las adicciones. Estos hallazgos muestran que los tratamientos que ofrecen los clínicos de inserción comunitaria para los ED son variados y no están, en general, sustentados en guías clínicas basadas en evidencias científicas.

Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the National Eating Disorder Association's Laureate Young Investigator Grant. The authors thank Erin Moss and Candace Schultz Goheen for assistance with data collection and management, Matthew Wilkins for assistance with manuscript preparation, and the study participants.

Portions of these findings were presented at the Academy for Eating Disorders annual meeting in May 2008 (Seattle) and Eating Disorder Research Society meetings in September 2008 (Montreal) and September 2009 (Brooklyn, NY).

Notes

1. As an index of the representativeness of our sample and because EDs most often affect a specific demographic—young women— we collected demographic information from a subset of 366 clinicians we had reached who were ineligible to participate in the study because they did not treat EDs. Analyses showed two differences between groups: Study participants who had treated EDs were more likely to be female (83.1% vs. 67.9%; χ 2 (1) = 10.01, p < .01) and slightly younger (48.3 years vs. 51.2 years; t(458) = 2.84, p < .05) than non-participants. There were no group differences in ethnicity, highest level of education obtained, field or year of highest degree, or percent registered with a regulatory body. Twelve clinicians eligible to participate declined to do so, but only two provided demographic information. We deemed this number too small for valid analysis.

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