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Original Articles

Examining in-session expressions of emotions with speech/vocal acoustic measures: An introductory guide

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Pages 381-393 | Received 27 Jul 2012, Accepted 05 Mar 2013, Published online: 16 Apr 2013
 

Abstract

Emotion-sensitive speech/vocal acoustic measures are now available to study emotions expressed during psychotherapy sessions. This paper highlights the feasibility of employing such acoustic parameters alongside well-known self-report and observer ratings of emotions. The acoustic method is presented together with findings of the acoustic profiles of discrete emotions. The primary goal, however, is to introduce researchers to this measurement procedure: an introductory guide provides examples of how to generate an acoustical analysis of emotionally loaded vocal expressions. The procedures have been adapted to the study of emotions typically aroused in psychotherapy such as anger and sadness.

Están ahora disponibles herramientas sensibles a la voz y las palabras para estudiar las emociones que surgen a lo largo de una terapia. Este trabajo enfatiza la factibilidad de utilizar estos parámetros acústicos junto con los clásicos auto-reportes y evaluaciones de las emociones por parte de evaluadores externos. El método acústico es presentado junto con ejemplos de su aplicación en la evaluación de las emociones discretas. El objetivo principal del artículo, sin embargo, es introducir a los investigadores a este instrumento de medición. Una guía introductoria ofrece ejemplos sobre como realizar un análisis acústico de expresiones verbales cargadas emocionalmente. Los instrumentos han sido adaptados para el registro de la emociones típicamente despertadas en el proceso terapéutico: enojo y tristeza.

Emotionssensitive Messungen von Sprachakustik sind nun verfügbar, um Emotionen, welche während Psychotherapiesitzungen ausgedrückt werden, zu untersuchen. Dieser Artikel hebt die Realisierbarkeit der Entwicklung solcher akustischer Parameter neben den bekannten Selbstauskünften und Fremdratings von Emotionen hervor. Die akustische Methode wird zusammen mit Ergebnissen von akustischen Profilen diskreter Emotionen vorgestellt. Das Hauptziel des Artikels ist es, Forschern eine Einführung in die Messprozedur zu geben: Ein Einführungsleitfaden liefert Beispiele dafür, wie akustische Analysen für emotional geladene Sprachäußerungen generiert werden. Die Prozeduren wurden adaptiert, um Emotionen, welche typischerweise durch Psychotherapie hervorgerufen werden – wie Ärger oder Traurigkeit – zu untersuchen.

Attualmente sono disponibili misurazioni delle sensazioni emotive a partire dalla valutazione dell'eloquio o dalle espressioni vociali al fine di studiare le emozioni espresse nel corso delle sedute di psicoterapia. Questo articolo evidenzia la possibilità di utilizzare tali parametri sonori, accanto a strumenti più conosciuti come self-report e ai punteggi delle emozioni attribuiti da un osservatore. Il metodo dell'analisi sonora è presentato insieme alle scoperte circa i profili di alcune emozioni specifiche. L'obiettivo principale è quello di presentare ai ricercatori questa procedura di misurazione: una guida introduttiva fornisce esempi su come effettuare l'analisi sonora delle espressioni vocali cariche emotivamente. Le procedure sono state adattate allo studio di emozioni tipicamente elicitate in psicoterapia, quali la rabbia e la tristezza.

Acknowledgment

This manuscript was enhanced by the comments of Dr. Anthony S. Joyce and Dr. Lisa R. Rochman. The first author is grateful to Dianne and Irving Kipnes for supporting his post-doctoral fellowship at the Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta.

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