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Original Articles

Emotional availability in psychotherapy: The usefulness and validity of the Emotional Availability Scales for analyzing the psychotherapeutic relationship

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Pages 91-102 | Received 03 Jan 2012, Accepted 15 Jul 2013, Published online: 19 Aug 2013
 

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess whether a modified version of the Emotional Availability Scales (EAS), created to assess interaction quality between parents and children, could be applied to psychotherapy sessions and whether emotional availability (EA), as assessed by the modified EAS-T, was associated with client- and therapist-rated working alliance. EAS-T was used to assess 42 sessions from 16 therapies. The therapies came from the LURIPP project, comparing IPT with BRT for depressed clients. The results showed that sessions could be reliably rated with EAS-T. Most rating scales had acceptable variance. The client's perception of task alliance was associated with several of the EA subscales (sensitivity, nonhostility, responsiveness) assessed over therapies, whereas the perception of bond was associated with Structure on EAS.

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, zu überprüfen, ob eine modifizierte Version der Emotional Availability Scale (EAS), welche erstellt wurde, um die Interaktionsqualität zwischen Eltern und Kindern zu erheben, bei Psychotherapiesitzungen angewendet werden kann und ob emotional availability (EA), erhoben mit der modifizierten EAS-T, assoziiert ist mit der vom Klienten und Therapeuten eingeschätzten Arbeitsbeziehung (working alliance). EAS-T wurde zu Erhebung von 42 Sitzungen von 16 Therapien angewendet. Die Therapien kamen aus dem LURIPP Projekt, welches IPT mit BRT bei depressiven Klienten vergleicht. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Sitzungen reliabel mit dem EAS-T bewertet werden konnten. Die meisten Bewertungsskalen wiesen eine akzeptable Varianz auf. Die Klientenwahrnehmung der Aufgabenallianz (task alliance) war assoziiert mit mehreren Subskalen der EA (Sensibilität, Nicht-Feindseligkeit, Ansprechbarkeit), welche über die Therapien hinweg erhoben wurden, wohingegen die Wahrnehmung der Bindung (bond) assoziiert war mit der Subskala „Struktur“ auf der EAS.

Emocional (EAS; Emotional Availability Scales), desenvolvida para avaliar a qualidade da interação entre pais e filhos, poderia ser aplicada a sessões de psicoterapia e se a disponibilidade emocional (EA; Emotional Availability) avaliada pela versão modificada da EAS-T, estava associada à classificação da relação terapêutia. A EAS-T foi usada para avaliar 42 sessões de 16 terapias. As terapias foram recrutadas do projecto LURIPP (Linkoping University Relational and Interpersonal Psychotherapy Project), que comparava a Terapia Interpessoal (IPT; Interpersonal Psychotherapy) com a Terapia relacional Breve (BRT; Brief Relational Therapy) para clientes deprimidos. Os resultados mostraram que as sessões podiam ser avaliadas de forma fiável com a EAS-T. A maioria das escalas de avaliação apresentaram uma variância aceitável. A percepção dos clientes sobre a aliança de trabalho terapêutico estava associada com várias subescalas da DE/EA (sensibilidade, não-hostilidade, responsividade) avaliadas ao longo das diferentes terapias, ao passo que a percepção do vínculo estava associada com a dimensão Estrutura na EAS.

Il focus dello studio era valutare se una versione della Emotional Availability Scales (EAS), creata per valutare la qualità dell'interazione tra genitori e figlio, potesse essere applicata alle sedute di psicoterapia e se la disponibilità emotiva (EA), misurata tramite EAS-T, fosse associata con l'alleanza di lavoro tra terapeuta e paziente. La EAS-T è stata usata per valutare 42 sedute di 16 terapie. Le terapie facevano parte del progetto LURIPP, che metteva a confronto l'IPT con la BRT su pazienti depressi. I risultati hanno mostrato che le sedute potevano essere valutate in modo affidabile con la EAS-T. Gran parte delle scale di valutazione avevano una varianza accettabile. La percezione del paziente circa lo scopo della alleanza risultava associata con molte delle sottoscale della EA (sensibilità, non-ostilità, consapevolezza) misurate durante la terapia, mentre la percezione del legame risultava associata con la Struttura della EAS.

本研究的目標是探究用來評估親子互動品質的情緒準備度量表(EAS)修訂版能否應用於心理治 療單元,以及EAS-T修訂版所評估的情緒準備度(EA)是否與個案和治療師評量的工作同盟有 關係。本研究運用EAST評估16位治療師的42個晤談單元。這些治療師均來自LURIPP計畫,該計 畫係比較IPT與BRT對憂鬱個案的治療效果。結果發現這些單元均可運用EAS-T予以可靠的評量。 多數評量表具有可接受的變異量。個案知覺的工作同盟與治療師們所評估的數個EA分量表有關 (敏感度、非敵意、回應性),而對這個連結的知覺與EAS的結構有關。

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