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Regular Articles

Impact of mindfulness training on attentional control and anger regulation processes for psychotherapists in training

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Pages 202-213 | Received 18 Aug 2012, Accepted 22 Aug 2013, Published online: 18 Oct 2013
 

Abstract

Objectives: Little empirical literature focuses on psychotherapists' cultivation of internal states of mind necessary for controlling attention and responding empathically to the client. We explore the effects of mindfulness training on emotional and attentional measures in Spanish resident intern psychiatrists and clinical psychologists. Method: One hundred and three residents were assigned to an experimental group (n = 60) that completed an 8-week mindfulness training versus a wait-list control group (n = 43). We evaluated emotional variables (sadness, anxiety, and anger, using standard instruments), state of mindfulness (using the Mindfulness Awareness Attention Scale), and attentional control variables using objective measures such as a continuous performance task and the Stroop task before and after mindfulness training. Results: Our study provides data that suggest that mindfulness training significantly improves measures of trait anger and attentional control. Conclusions: Further research is needed to replicate these findings, explore the effects of mindfulness training on other aspects of emotional regulation and cognition, and evaluate the impact of these effects within clinical situations.

Obiettivi: una limitata letteratura empirica si è concentrata sull'educazione degli psicoterapeuti relativa agli stati mentali necessari per controllare l'attenzione e rispondere empaticamente al paziente. In questo lavoro esploriamo gli effetti della formazione sulla mindfulness, sulle misure di attenzione e regolazione delle emozioni in psichiatri e psicologi clinici in formazione, residenti in Spagna.

Metodo: 103 soggetti sono stati assegnati a un gruppo sperimentale (n = 60), che ha completato una formazione sulla mindfulness di 8 settimane, e sono stati confrontati con un gruppo di controllo in lista d'attesa (n = 43). Abbiamo valutato le variabili emotive (tristezza, ansia e rabbia, utilizzando strumenti standard), lo stato di consapevolezza (utilizzando la Mindfulness Awareness Attention Scale), e le variabili di controllo attentive mediante misure obiettive, come un compito di prestazione continua e il test di Stroop somministrato prima e dopo la formazione in mindfulness.

Risultati: Il nostro studio fornisce dati che suggeriscono che la formazione in mindfulness migliora in modo significativo le misure relative al controllo di aspetti rabbiosi e delle capacità attentive.

Conclusioni: Sono necessarie ulteriori ricerche per replicare questi risultati, esplorare gli effetti della formazione in mindfulness su altri aspetti della regolazione emotiva e della cognizione, e valutare l'impatto di questi effetti all'interno di situazioni cliniche.

Objectivos: É escassa a literatura empírica concentrada no cultivo por parte dos psicoterapeutas de estados de mente internos necessários para controlar a atenção e responder empaticamente ao cliente. Exploramos os efeitos do treino de mindfulness em medidas emocionais e atencionais em internos de psiquiatria e psicologia clínica Espanhóis. Método: Cento e três internos foram distribuídos por um grupo experimental (n= 60), que completou um treino de mindfulness de 8 semanas, e por um grupo de controlo de lista de espera (n= 43). Avaliamos as variáveis emocionais (tristeza, ansiedade e raiva usando instrumentos padrão), estado de mindfulness (utilizando a Escala de Atenção e Consciência Mindfulness; Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale) e variáveis de controlo atencional utilizando medidas objetivas como uma tarefa de desempenho contínuo e a tarefa de Stroop antes e depois do treino de mindfulness. Resultados: O nosso estudo fornece dados que sugerem que o treino de mindfulness melhora significativamente as medidas de traços de raiva e controlo atencional. Conclusões: É necessária investigação adicional para replicar estes resultados, explorar os efeitos do treino de mindfulness noutros aspetos de regulação emocional e cognição e avaliar o impacto destes efeitos em situações clínicas.

Ziel: Wenig empirische Literatur konzentriert sich auf die Kultivierung internaler Bewusstseinsszustände von Psychotherapeuten, die notwendig sind um Aufmerksamkeit zu kontrollieren und empathisch auf den Klienten einzugehen. Wir untersuchen den Einfluss von Achtsamkeitstrainings auf Emotions- und Aufmerksamkeitsmaße bei spanischen niedergelassenen Psychiatern und klinischen Psychologen.

Methode: 103 Ortsansässige wurden in eine Experimentalgruppe (n = 60), welche ein 8-wöchiges Achtsamkeitstraining absolvierte, sowie eine Wartelistenkontrollgruppe (n = 43) aufgeteilt. Wir evaluierten emotionale Variablen (Traurigkeit, Angst und Ärger, mit typischen Instrumenten), Achtsamkeit (mit der Mindfulness Awareness Attention Scale) und Variablen zur Aufmerksamkeitskontrolle, welche mit objektiven Maßen wie der Continuous Performance Task und der Stroop-Interferenz vor und nach dem Achtsamkeitstraining gemessen wurden.

Ergebnis: Unsere Studie liefert Daten, die darauf hinweisen, dass Achtsamkeitstraining die Maße „Ärgerneigung“ und Aufmerksamkeitskontrolle signifikant verbessert.

Schlussfolgerung: Weitere Forschung ist notwendig um die Ergebnisse zu replizieren, die Effekte von Achtsamkeitstraining auf andere Aspekte der Emotionsregulation und Kognition zu untersuchen und den Einfluss dieser Effekte in klinischen Situationen einzuschätzen.

目的:探討心理治療師調整內在心智狀態,以控制注意力及同理地回應案主之實徵文獻極少,本研究探討正念訓練對西班牙住院實習精神科醫師與臨床心理師在情緒、注意力測量上的影響。方法:將103名參與者分配至實驗組(n = 60)與等候名單控制組(n = 43),其中,實驗組接受八週之正念訓練。在正念訓練前後評估情緒變項(以標準化工具評量悲傷、焦慮與憤怒)、正念狀態(以正念覺察注意力量表進行評量)與注意力控制變項(以客觀工具評量,例如,在正念訓練之前與結束後實施持續性操作測驗與叫色測驗)。結果:研究資料顯示,正念訓練可顯著促進在特質憤怒與注意力控制測量上的表現。結論:尚須進一步對結果重複驗證,須探討正念訓練在其他情緒調節與認知面向的影響,並評估在臨床情境的影響情形。

Acknowledgments

We thank the resident intern psychiatrists and clinical psychologists who participated in this study. We thank Dra Rosario Madero and Elia Pérez for statistical advice. We have no relationships to report that may be perceived as a conflict of interest. This study was not supported financially by any funding sources.

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