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Articles

Types of countertransference dynamics: An exploration of their impact on the client-therapist relationship

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Pages 360-375 | Received 14 Sep 2012, Accepted 05 Feb 2014, Published online: 20 Mar 2014
 

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a typology of countertransference (CT) based on therapists' narratives about their parents and their clients. Method: Data are based on interviews conducted in the early, middle and late phases of ongoing psychodynamic psychotherapy with five therapists who treated 12 clients. Narratives were analyzed using the Core Conflictual Relationship Theme Method (CCRT). CT was defined as repetition of CCRT components from therapists' relationship with their parents in their narratives with their clients. Results: Raters identified five types of CT in the narratives: Wish from parent transferred to client, Projection of the parent Response from Other (RO) to client, Repetition of the Response of Self (RS), Repeating the negative parent RO, and Repair of the parent RO. Conclusions: A preliminary analysis of two psychodynamic therapies, one with good outcome and one with poor outcome, showed that CT types could be reliably rated.

Obiettivo: Lo scopo di questo studio è stato quello di sviluppare una tipologia di controtransfert (CT) sulla base delle narrazioni dei terapeuti sui loro genitori e sui loro pazienti. Metodo: I dati sono basati su interviste condotte nelle fasi precoci, intermedie e finali di una psicoterapia psicodinamica in corso con cinque terapeuti che hanno seguito 12 pazienti. Le narrazioni sono state analizzate utilizzando il Core Conflictual Relationship Theme Method (CCRT). Il CT è stato definito riprendendo delle componenti del CCRT relative alla relazione dei terapeuti con i loro genitori nelle loro narrazioni con i pazienti. Risultati: I valutatori hanno individuato cinque tipi di CT nelle narrazioni: desiderio del genitore trasferito sul paziente, proiezione della Risposta genitoriale dell'Altro (RO) nel paziente, ripetizione della Risposta del Sé (RS), ripetizione della RO negativa del genitore, e riparazione della RO del genitore. Conclusioni: Un'analisi preliminare di due terapie psicodinamiche, una con buon esito e l'altra con esito sfavorevole, ha mostrato che i tipi di CT possono essere valutati in modo attendibile.

Objectivo: O propósito deste estudo foi desenvolver uma tipologia de contratransferência (CT) baseada nas narrativas do terapeuta sobre os seus pais e os seus clientes. Método: Os dados foram baseados em entrevistas conduzidas na fase inicial, intermédia e final no decurso de terapia psicodinâmica, com cinco psicoterapeutas que acompanharam 12 clientes. As narrativas foram analisadas com o Core Conflictual Relationship Theme Method (CCRT). A CT foi definida como a repetição dos componentes do CCRT das relações do terapeuta com os pais nas narrativas com os seus clientes. Resultados: Os juízes identificaram cinco tipos de CT nestas narrativas: Desejo de um dos pais transferido para o cliente, Projeção da Resposta do Outro (RO) de um dos pais para o cliente, Repetição da Resposta do Self (RS), Repetição da RO negativa de um dos pais e Reparação da RO parental. Conclusões: A análise preliminar de duas terapias psicodinâmicas, uma com sucesso terapêutico e outra com insucesso, mostrou que os tipos de CT podem ser avaliados de forma fiável.

Ziel: Das Ziel dieser Studie war die Entwicklung einer Typologie der Gegenübertragung (countertransference, CT) basierend auf Therapeutennarrativen über ihre eigenen Eltern und ihre Klienten. Methode: Die Daten basieren auf Interviews, welche in der frühen, mittleren und späten Phase laufender psychodynamischer Psychotherapien mit Therapeuten, die 12 Patienten behandelten, durchgeführt wurden. Die Narrative wurden mit dem Core Conflictual relationship Theme Method (CCRT) analysiert. CT wurde definiert als Wiederholung von CCRT Komponenten der Beziehungen der Therapeuten zu ihren Eltern in den Narrativen über ihre Klienten. Ergebnisse: Rater identifizierten 5 Typen der CT in den narrativen: Wünsche an die Eltern übertragen auf den Klienten, Projektion der elterlichen Response from Other (RO) auf den Klienten, Wiederholung der Response of Self (RS), Wiederholung der negativen elterlichen RO und die Ausbesserung der elterlichen RO. Schlussfolgerung: Eine vorläufige Analyse von zwei psychodynamischen Therapien, eine mit gutem Therapieergebnis und eine mit schlechtem Therapieergebnis zeigte, dass die CT Typen reliabel beurteilt werden konnten.

目的:本研究旨於根據治療師對於其父母及當事人的描述發展反移情之類型。方法:針對參與研究之5名精神動力取向之心理治療師,在其與12個當事人治療工作之早期、中期及後期進行訪談。研究者使用核心衝突關係主題研究法(CCRT)分析訪談資料。反移情在核心衝突關係主題研究法中被定義為治療師自述在其與父母關係中發生並重複出現在其與當事人關係中的部分。結果:研究者在文本中發現五種反移情:對父母的期望移轉至對當事人的期望、投射當事人之回應為自己父母的慣性反應、對當事人重複自己對父母的慣性反應、對當事人重複父母對自己的負面反應、以及對當事人作嘗試修補父母對自己負面反應之回應。結論:針對兩個精神動力取向心理治療案例-一為正向結果、另一為負向結果-的初步分析顯示,反移情的種類可以可靠地被評定出來。

Acknowledgments

Thanks to Edna Guttman for statistical consultation, and Miri Vered our research assistant and doctoral student.

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