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Marlin C. Bates, IV has been involved in playing and studying video games since his parents bought him an Atari 2600 in 1978. He firmly believes that online video games are the next rhetorical frontier. In his free time, he is the Director of Forensics for University of the Pacific.
Notes
1. Barney G. Glaser and Anselm L. Strauss, The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research (Chicago: Aldine de Gruyter, 1967).
2. Glaser & Strauss, 3.
3. Nancy K. Baym, “The Emergence of On-Line Community” in Cybersociety 2.0: Revisting Computer-mediated communication and Community edited by Steven G. Jones (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1998), 49.
4. Stephen Doheny-Farina, The Wired Neighborhood (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996), 37.
5. Marlin C. Bates, IV, “Implicit Identity Theory In The Rhetoric Of The Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (MMORPG), Ultima Online.” Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, (State College, PA: The Pennsylvania State University, 2005).
6. Literally, a new person. Pronounced “newbee.”
7. Maurice Charland, “Constitutive Rhetoric: The Case of the Pueple Quebecois.” In Landmark Essays on Rhetorical Criticism, edited by Thomas W. Benson (Davis, Ca: Hermagoras Press, 1993), 143.
8. Charland, “Constitutive Rhetoric,” 138
9. Edwin Black, “The Second Persona.” In Landmark Essays on Rhetorical Criticism, edited by Thomas W. Benson (Davis, Ca: Hermagoras Press, 1993), 113.
10. James W. Carey, Communication as Culture (New York: Routledge, 1992), 21.
11. Black, “Second Persona,” 112.
12. Black, “Second Persona,” 113.
13. Kenneth Burke, A Rhetoric of Motives, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969, 21.
14. Electronics Arts, Inc., “Money and Banking,” (Redwood City: Electronics Arts, Inc., n.d.), <http://guide.uo.com/start3d_10.html>. May 12, 2004.
15. Electronics Arts, Inc., “Character Window,” (Redwood City: Electronics Arts, Inc., n.d.), <http://guide.uo.com/start3d_6.html>. May 12, 2004.
16. All quotations in paragraph: Electronics Arts, Inc., “Community,” (Redwood City: Electronics Arts, Inc., n.d.), <http://town.uo.com/>. May 12, 2004.
17. Electronics Arts, Inc., “Character Window,” (Redwood City: Electronics Arts, Inc., n.d.), <http://guide.uo.com/start3d_6.html>. May 12, 2004.
18. “Character Window,” 2004.
19. “Character Window,” 2004.
20. From the web site: “Note Certain items and actions may require that you have one or both hands empty. Check your paper doll if you have difficulty equipping or using an item” (“Playguide: Character Window: Clothing/Armor/Weapons”).
21. Electronics Arts, Inc., “Money and Banking,” (Redwood City: Electronics Arts, Inc., n.d.), <http://guide.uo.com/start3d_10.html>. May 12, 2004.
22. Blizzard Entertainment, Inc., “World of Warcraft Community Site–Info—Basics—World of Warcraft Guide,” (Irvine, CA: Blizzard Entertainment., n.d.), <http://tinyurl.com/8csup>. January 2, 2006.
23. Stareye, “WoW Role-Playing—” (Irvine, CA: Blizzard Entertainment, Inc.), <http://tinyurl.com/awbsm>. February 6, 2006.
24. Blizzard Entertainment, Inc., “World of Warcraft Community Site–Info—Realmtypes,” (Irvine, CA: Blizzard Entertainment., n.d.), <http://www.worldofwarcraft.com/info/basics/realmtypes.html>. January 2, 2006.
25. Blizzard, “Realmtypes.”
26. Blizzard, “Realmtypes.”
27. Blizzard Entertainment, Inc., “World of Warcraft Community Site–Info—Basics—World of Warcraft Guide,” (Irvine, CA: Blizzard Entertainment., n.d.), <http://tinyurl.com/d8ous>. January 2, 2006.
28. Frank Kermode, The Genesis of Secrecy (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979), 144.
29. Quotations in paragraph are from Edwin Black, “Secrecy and Disclosure as Rhetorical Forms,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 88 (1988): 135.
30. Black, “Secrecy and Disclosure,” 135.
31. Burke, A Rhetoric of Motives, 131.
32. Burke, A Rhetoric of Motives, 131.
33. Burke, A Rhetoric of Motives, 131.
34. Black, “Second Persona,” 165.
35. “Batesian mimicry” is where a prey species adopts the coloring of a similar species in order to avoid being eaten. The most well known example is the monarch and viceroy butterflies. The monarch is not palatable to most predators. The viceroy has, through evolution, adopted similar identity traits (color, markings).
36. Jodi O'Brien, “Writing in the Body: Gender (Re)Production in Online Interaction.” In Communities in Cyberspace, edited by Marc A. Smith & Peter Kollock (London: Routledge, 1999), 22.
37. Sherry Turkle, The Second Self (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984), 83.