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ABSTRACT
Homelessness among refugee populations has been increasing worldwide in recent years, which provides particular challenges for receiving nations. In a context in which formal systems supporting asylum seekers and refugees face high demand relative to their resource levels, the impact this may have on the homelessness sector to provide support and accommodation for asylum seekers and refugees has received scant attention. This paper presents a systematic review that synthesizes the literature on the determinants of Homelessness among refugees. The study reviewed seven electronic databases from 2002 to December 2019. Most studies exploring Homelessness among refugees were drawn from Canada, Australia, the UK., and the U.S. Overall, refugees constitute a vulnerable population at heightened risk of becoming homeless. The complex interplay between individual and structural pathways into homeless also makes it difficult for refugees to exit Homelessness. Our metadata analysis of the literature further supports that housing, family, health, community, political circumstances, and income disproportionately impact refugees. This paper identifies these factors as the root causes of refugee's Homelessness. Homelessness can also cause some issues with these six factors in general. In fact, there is a bidirectional causation relationship between Homelessness and these factors to some degree. However, the focus of this paper is on how these factors can contribute to refugee homelessness.
Acknowledgement
We would like to thank the Islamic Azad University (IAU) Karaj branch and the University of Auckland (UOA) that provided office space and resources as part of the sabbatical.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Davood Samari
Davood Samari is an Associated Professor of Agricultural Extension and Education in the Agricultural Faculty, Islamic Azad University, and Karaj, Iran. His research and publication interests include education, social/community forestry, entrepreneurship, refugees and homelessness, refugee's empowerment. His PhD research was on AHP decision making at IAU, Science and Research, Tehran, Iran. Actually he is researching on potential homelessness among refugees with the cooperation of School of Psychology at the University of Auckland.
Shiloh Groot
Shiloh Groot is a Lecturer in Social Psychology at the University of Auckland, New Zealand. Prior to this Shiloh has held research and teaching appointments at Massey University and Waikato University. She completed her PhD in 2011 at Waikato University where she explored the nature of resilience through the lived experiences of Maori, Pacific Island and New Zealand European homeless people.