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ABSTRACT
The leisure constraints and negotiation model was used to examine nonparticipation in a large festival event. A purposive sampling survey was conducted with 502 event nonparticipants. The results indicated that the hierarchical leisure constraints model is a useful framework for understanding the constraints to attendance at special events. Consistent with previous research on constraints to participation, structural constraints were the greatest category of constraint, followed by interpersonal and intrapersonal constraints. Further, nonparticipants who experienced intrapersonal constraints were least likely to attempt negotiations relative to time, partners, or finances. Additionally, this study compared the constraints of nonparticipants who were interested and disinterested in attending the event and found disinterested nonparticipants perceived greater intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural constraints than those interested in attending, suggesting that constraints create amotivation. Disinterested event nonparticipants were also less likely to negotiate constraints to participation, especially barriers related to lack of time and partners with whom to participate. Finally, interested nonparticipants who experienced intrapersonal constraints were less likely to attempt to negotiate constraints. This study broadens the scope of the constraints and negotiation discussion to include the context of a community festival event, as well as differences in constraints and negotiation between interested and disinterested event nonparticipants.
Acknowledgement
Support for this research was provided by the Caesars Foundation.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Soyoung Boo
Soyoung Boo, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Tourism and Hospitality Management, School of Business, The George Washington University, Funger Hall, Suite 301s, 2201 G Street, NW Washington DC 20052 (E-mail: [email protected]).
Cynthia P. Carruthers
Cynthia P. Carruthers, PhD, is Professor of Education, Department of Educational and Clinical Studies, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway Box 453014, Las Vegas, NV 89154–3014 (E-mail: [email protected]).
James A. Busser
James A. Busser, PhD, is Professor of Hospitality Management and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs at William F. Harrah College of Hotel Administration, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway Box 456021, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154–6021 (E-mail: [email protected]).