Relational Ramifications of Honest but Hurtful Evaluative Messages in Close Relationships

Abstract

Utilizing Bradbury and Fincham's (1988, 1990) distal-proximal contextual model, we report two studies examining the relational ramifications of honest but hurtful (HBH) evaluative messages in romantic and friend relationships. Findings indicate proximal factors played a prominent role in explaining the variance of relational ramifications beyond that contributed by distal factors. At the proximal level, perceived hurtfulness, intentionality, and honesty motives contributed to negative ramifications. Enhancement motives and honesty motives were associated with positive ramifications. At the distal level, self-esteem was associated with relational worries. Unexpectedly, one's beliefs concerning the role of honesty in close relationships were not associated with reported relational ramifications.

Keywords:

• Friendships
• Honest But Hurtful Messages
• Relational Ramifications
• Romantic Relationships

Notes

Note. ∗p < .05. ∗∗p < .01.

Note. ∗p < .05. ∗∗p < .01. ∗∗∗p < .001.

Study 1 was based on part of the first author's dissertation, which was directed by the second author.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Shuangyue Zhang

Shuangyue Zhang is in the Department of Communication Studies at Sam Houston State University.

Laura Stafford

Laura Stafford is in the Department of Communication at University of Kentucky.