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ABSTRACT
Modern technology was applied to the data recorded during the excavation of Santo António de Tanná in the 1970s. The original recording techniques and the subsequent attempts, in the 1980s, to extract further information from the data are described. With the advent of modern and extremely powerful desktop computers this information has now been reprocessed, enabling three-dimensional (3D) coordinates of control points on the site to be determined and a 3D rendered model of the site created. Using this model of the internal hull of the ship, measurements can be made to determine the shape and form of the ship. This paper examines the original methodologies used and compares the modern measurements with the manual measurements taken over 50 years earlier. An investigation to determine the accuracy of the two systems is described together with an analysis of the techniques involved.
RESUMEN
Se aplicó tecnología moderna a los datos registrados durante la excavación de Santo António de Tanná en la década de 1970. Se describen las técnicas de registro originales y los intentos subsiguientes, en la década de 1980, de extraer más información de los datos. Con el advenimiento de computadoras de escritorio modernas y extremadamente potentes, esta información se ha vuelto a procesar, lo que permitió la determinación de coordenadas tridimensionales (3D) de puntos de control en el sitio y la creación de un modelo renderizado en 3D del mismo. A partir de este modelo del casco interno del barco, se pueden tomar mediciones para determinar la forma del mismo. Este artículo examina la metodología original usada y compara las mediciones modernas con las tomadas de forma manual hace más de 50 años. Se describe una investigación para determinar la precisión de los dos sistemas, junto con un análisis de las técnicas involucradas.
摘要
现代技术被应用于1970年代对“圣安东尼奥·德·坦纳号”发掘的数据记录。本文描述了最初的记录技术和随后在1980年代在已有数据中进一步提取信息的尝试。随着现代极其强大的台式电脑的出现，这些信息现在已经被重新处理，已可确定遗址控制点的三维（3D）坐标，并创建了三维渲染的遗址模型。利用这个船体内部的模型，可以进行测量以确定船的外形和形状。本文研究了已应用的原始方法，并将现代测量与50多年前的手工测量进行了对比。本文记述了为确定这两个系统准确性所做的调查，同时对所涉及的技术进行了分析。
摘要
現代技術被應用於1970年代對「聖安東尼奧•德•坦納號」發掘的數據記錄。本文描述了最初的記錄技術和隨後在1980年代在已有數據中進一步提取信息的嘗試。隨著現代極其強大的臺式電腦的出現，這些信息現在已被重新處理，已確定了遺址控製點的三維（3D）坐標，並創建了三維渲染的遺址模型。利用這個船體內部的模型，可以進行測量以確定船的外形和形狀。本文研究了已應用的原始方法，並將現代測量與50多年前的手工測量進行了對比。本文記述了為確定這兩個系統準確性所做的調查，同時對所涉及的技術進行了分析。
المُستخلص
في سانتو أنطونيو دي تانا والتي أجريت في السبعينيات. هذا إلي جانب للقيام بوصف تقنيات التسجيل الأصلية والمحاولات اللاحقة التي تمت في الثمانينيات وذلك لاستخراج مزيد من المعلومات من البيانات. ومع ظهور أجهزة كمبيوتر سطح المكتب الحديثة والقوية للغاية، تمت الآن إعادة معالجة لهذه المعلومات والذي اتاح تحديد إحداثيات ثلاثية الأبعاد للنقاط المركزية في الموقع وإنشاء نموذج ثلاثي الأبعاد للموقع. وباستخدام هذا النموذج للبدن الداخلي للسفينة، يمكن إجراء قياسات لتحديد شكل وتكوين السفينة. ولذلك يفحص هذا المقال المنهجيات الأصلية المستخدمة ويقارن القياسات الحديثة بالقياسات اليدوية التي تم أخذها قبل أكثر من خمسون عامًا. ويصف هذا المقال التحقيق الذي تم لتحديد دقة النظامين جنبًا إلى جنب مع تحليل التقنيات المستخدمة.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the George and Anne Bass Endowment for Nautical Archaeology Publications that provided a grant to allow the Metashape programme to be developed to complete a 3D model of the whole site. In addition, we wish to acknowledge the support of Curtin University HIVE, in sponsoring two student projects that were the genesis of the complete hull model, and the Australian Research Council (ARC) Linkage Grant Shipwrecks of the Roaring Forties: A Maritime Archaeological Reassessment of some of Australia's Earliest Shipwrecks ARC Linkage Project LP130100137’ (Green & Paterson, Citation2020) support of the development of the 3D model. The Western Australian Museum supported staff to take part in the original excavation work in the 1970s and subsequently in developing the data and progressing the photogrammetric processing work.
Individuals that helped with this project include Robin Piercy, the director of the excavation, and Sheila Matthews, who assisted in refining the site plans. Bruce Montgomery at Surveying Department, Curtin University, assisted in the early days of the project in attempting to build a 3D model and plot the positions of the control points. The Curtin students who worked on the project include Lachlan Shaw, who developed in 2018 the proof-of-concept for the project and the 3D model of the bow of the ship and Yousif Abdul-kadhim Mousa, who worked on the keelson profile in 2020 and in addition, Curtin University staff, Petra Helmholz, David Belton and Joshua Hollick helped supervise these students.
Links to Models
Model 1. <https://hive.curtin.edu.au/sadt/#Model1>
Model 2. <https://hive.curtin.edu.au/sadt/#Model2>
Model 3. <https://hive.curtin.edu.au/sadt/#Model3>
Model 4. <https://hive.curtin.edu.au/sadt/#Model4>
Model 5. <https://hive.curtin.edu.au/sadt/#Model5>
Model 6. <https://hive.curtin.edu.au/sadt/#Model6>
Kyrenia model. <hive.curtin.edu.au/kyrenia>
All models viewed 18 May 2023.
Disclosure Statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Permissions Statement
The 1976–80 excavations were permitted by the National Museums of Kenya to the Institute of Nautical Archaeology, Texas A& M University, USA. The excavation was directed by Robin Piercy and the artefact collection is housed in Fort Jesus Museum, Mombasa, Kenya. The photographic data are held by the Institute for Archaeology and the Western Australian Museum with copies in Fort Jesus Museum.
Author Contribution
Jeremy N. Green wrote the paper and coordinated the 3D Model-making. Daniel Adams carried out the Metashape work on the models. Andrew J. Woods, as the director of the HIVE, was responsible to managing the work and providing advice and assistance in writing the report.