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ABSTRACT
The remains of the sewn boat known as Poreč 1, dating to the beginning of the 1st century BC, which was discovered, documented in situ and recovered in 2020, and then re-examined in 2021 prior to conservation treatment, adds new information to the already rich archaeological corpus of sewn boats from the northern Adriatic, providing valuable new data for defining local shipbuilding traditions. This article presents the results of the recent archaeological research, interdisciplinary study and preliminary reconstruction.
RESUMEN
Los restos del bote cosido conocido como Poreč, que data de principios del siglo I AC, fue descubierto, documentado in situ y recuperado en 2020, y reexaminado en 2021 previo a su tratamiento de conservación. Este agregó nueva información al ya rico corpus arqueológico de botes cosidos del Adriático norte, aportando nueva y valiosa información para definir las tradiciones locales de construcción de embarcaciones. Este artículo presenta los resultados de la reciente investigación arqueológica, del estudio interdisciplinar y de la reconstrucción preliminar.
摘要
被称为波雷奇1号（Poreč 1）的缝合船遗存可追溯到公元前1世纪初。该遗址发现于2020年，最初在原地做了记录和复原，之后的2021年，在展开保护处理之前又对该船再次进行了检查。其为本已丰富的亚得里亚海北部缝合船考古资料库增添了新材料，并为确定当地造船传统提供了宝贵的新数据。本文介绍了此船最新的考古研究、跨学科研究和初步重建的结果。
摘要
被稱為波雷奇1號（Poreč 1）的縫合船遺存可追溯到公元前1世紀初。該遺址發現於2020年，最初在原地做了記錄和復原，之後的2021年，在展開保護處理之前又對該船再次進行了檢查。其為本已豐富的亞得里亞海北部縫合船考古資料庫增添了新材料，並為確定當地造船傳統提供了寶貴的新數據。本文介紹了此船最新的考古研究、跨學科研究和初步重建的結果。
المُستخلص
لقد أضافت بقايا القارب المَخيط المعروف باسم بوريتش ١والذي يعود تاريخه إلى بداية القرن الأول قبل الميلاد، وتم اكتشافه وتوثيقه في مكانه وانتشاله عام ٢٠٢٠، ثم إعادة فحصه عام ٢٠٢١ قبل معالجة الترميم، معلومات جديدة إلى مجموعة أثرية غنية بالفعل من القوارب المَخيطة من شمال البحر الأدرياتيكي، مما عمل علي توفير بيانات جديدة قيمة لتحديد تقاليد بناء السفن المحلية. ولهذا يعرض هذا المقال نتائج الأبحاث الأثرية الحديثة إلي جانب الدراسة متعددة التخصصات وإعادة البناء الأولية.
الكلمات الدلالیة:
Acknowledgments
Investigation and conservation work was financed by the City of Poreč (Grad Poreč – Città di Parenzo) within the project ‘Porečanka’ under the direction of the Museum of Poreč territory (Zavičajni muzej Poreštine – Museo del territorio parentino). Partners in the investigations were the Archaeological Museum of Istria and the Ministry of Culture and Media of the Republic of Croatia. This work is also part of the programme ‘Adriboats-Ships and navigation in the north-eastern Adriatic in ancient times’ supported by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Centre Camille Jullian UMR7299. It received support from the French government under the France 2030 investment plan, as part of the Initiative d’Excellence d’Aix-Marseille Université - A*MIDEX - Institute for Mediterranean Archaeology ARKAIA (AMX-19-IET-003) and by the ARTEMIS Program for radiocarbon dating of the CNRS. We would like to thank Davor Munda from the Museum of Poreč territory for help in investigation work. We are also grateful to: Duška Romanović for unpublished information on the wrecks from Zaton; the ARC-Nucléart laboratory and, in particular, restorers Henri-Bernard Maugiron and Sophie Fierro-Mirkovich, who greatly facilitated the analysis of the remains of Poreč 1 in Grenoble, and Fabrice Fabre for identifying the nature of the red pigment; Marie-Brigitte Carre, Laetitia Cavassa and Tomoo Mukai for their study of the ceramic context allowing a preliminary date of the harbour infill; the photographers Philippe Soubias and Lionel Roux; and Colin Clement for the revision of the English language. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions, which greatly helped us to improve the manuscript.
Author contributions
All authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript. KBS, GBe, AD, IKU and MU conducted the excavation and collected data on ship architecture in situ. GBo, VD, KN and PP conducted new observation on the ship structure before conservation in Grenoble. FD and FG conducted ring-width dendrochronology and sub-sampling for AMS dating. CO prepared samples for AMS dating. FG and CO conducted the cross-correlation by wiggle-matching.
Statement of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Permission Statement
Access to the shipwreck remains was provided to the authors by the City of Poreč (Grad Poreč – Città di Parenzo).
Notes
1 The harbour structures, fine and coarse wares and amphorae, as well as sedimentological analysis of the harbour infill, will be published elsewhere.
2 The fibres have not yet been analysed.
3 The Pula 1 wreck had a massive structure and a stronger sewing pattern of overedge stitches with a clamping turn (/I/I/I) compared to the other sewn boats. It was a sailing vessel, estimated to be about 15 m long and intended to carry heavy cargoes, and belonged to a different type of vessel from that of Caska, Pula 2 and possibly those of Zaton (Boetto et al., Citation2017, pp. 195–196; Pomey & Boetto, Citation2019, pp. 11–12). This difference is also reflected in the wood used for the planking, which is uniformly elm and not beech (Ferreira Domínguez, Citation2021, p. 100).
4 Dušanka Romanović of the Archaeological Museum of Zadar has recently resumed the study of the sewn ships from Zaton in the catalogue of an exhibition held in Zadar in 2021 (Romanović, Citation2021). Her study of Zaton 1 and 2 is based on the examination on published data, the archives of Zdenko Brusić and the wooden remains stored in the Museum of Zadar. As for Zaton 3, a wreck that has been the subject of several excavation campaigns under the direction of Smiljan Gluščević, D. Romanović conducted new underwater research in 2019.
5 Beech is also mentioned in the sewn boats from Zaton (Romanović, Citation2021, pp. 35, 56 and 76). Analyses by N. Liphschitz attest that beech was the wood mainly used for the planking of the Zaton 2 boat, with only one maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) and three fir (Abies alba) planks (Liphschitz & Gluščević, Citation2015). Recent analyses by A. Ferreira Domínguez confirm that beech was also mainly used for planking in Zaton 1 and 3 (D. Romanović, pers. comm.). On the other hand, A. Ferreira Domínguez also identified radial cuts in the photographs of some of the Zaton 3 planks. This observation indicates that extensive direct investigation needs to be conducted on the pieces of wood.
6 A few displaced pieces of planking and a frame belonging to mortise-and-tenon built ships were found in the port of Pula in 2013, in addition to the two sewn boats, Pula 1 and 2.