Semi-continuous Heterophase Polymerization of n-Butyl Methacrylate: Effect of Monomer Feeding Rate

Abstract

The effect of monomer feeding rate on particle size, molar masses, glass transition and tacticity of poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) nanoparticles synthesized by semi-continuous heterophase polymerization under monomer-starved conditions is reported. Three feed rates were examined. Highly monomer-starved conditions at the two slower addition rates were confirmed by the low amount of residual monomer throughout the reaction and by the fact that the instantaneous polymerization and feeding rates became similar at later stages of the reaction. Under these conditions, polymer particles in the nanometer range (30 to 35 nm) were obtained. Glass transition temperatures are substantially higher than those reported for commercial PBMA. Polymers tacticity was determined by ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy. NMR measurements confirm that the syndiotactic content of the PBMA synthesized here is larger than those of the commercial ones made by free-radical polymerization. Molar masses are much lower than those expected from termination by chain transfer to monomer, which is the typical termination mechanism in microemulsion polymerization.

Keywords:

• Free-radical heterophase polymerization
• syndiotacticity
• particle size distribution
• nanotechnology

Acknowledgements

The Mexican Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT grant # CB-2007-82437) supported this work. One of us (MGPG) thanks CONACYT for scholarship. Authors are indebted to Dr. Clemens Anklin (Bruker Biospin Corporation, Billerica MA) for obtaining NMR spectra.