Naringenin solubilizing and pH dependent releasing properties of water soluble p-sulphonatocalix[4]arene

ABSTRACT

This study reports the solubilizing properties of p-sulphonatocalix[4]arene (p-SCX4) towards Naringenin (NAR) to improve pharmacokinetic characteristics and bioavailability by forming inclusion complex at physiological pH and subsequent release at acid pH values. The complexation of naringenin with p-SCX4 was confirmed through spectroscopic techniques such as UV–visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Complex formation was further confirmed through HPLC-DAD analysis by identification of naringenin (1), p-SCX4 (2), and p-SCX4/NAR (3). Job’s plot method and Benesi–Hildebrand equation was used to find the stoichiometry of complex. Solubility of naringenin was determined by Higuchi and Connors method. Results show that there is 1:1 stoichiometry between drug and p-SCX4. The solubility factor was increase up to 10 folds. The drug dissolution/releasing behaviour of the complex was examined at different pH values, and maximum % release amount was observed at pH = 3.5 within time interval up to 220 minutes.

Graphical abstract

KEYWORDS:

• P-sulphonatocalix[4]arene
• naringenin
• inclusion complex
• solubility
• drug release supramolecules

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).