The Crimean War as a Test of Russia’s Imperial Durability

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Notes

1. V.S. Solov’ev, Sochineniia, 2 vols. (Moscow, 1988), vol. 2, p. 681.

2. A.S. Nifontov, Rossiia v 1848 godu (Moscow, 1949), pp. 286–87.

3. K. Arsen’ev, Statisticheskie ocherki Rossii (St. Petersburg, 1848), p. 25.

4. A.V. Nikitenko, dnevnik (Moscow, 1955), vol. 1, p. 332.

5. G.R. Derzhavin, Sochineniia (Leningrad, 1987), pp. 362, 380.

6. Istoriia XIX veka (pod redaktsiei professorov Lavissa i Rambo) (translated from the French) (Moscow, 1938), vol. 5, pp. 206–7; V.N. Vinogradov, Velikobritaniia i Balkany: ot Venskogo kongressa do Krymskoi voiny (Moscow, 1985), pp. 234, 241–42.

7. Nikolai Pervyi i ego vremia. dokumenty, pis’ma, dnevniki, memuary, svidetel’stva sovremennikov i trudy istorikov (Moscow, 2000), vol. 1, pp. 125–26, 128.

8. Ibid., p. 413.

9. The Treaty of Andrusovo granted Kiev and Smolensk to Russia in 1667.—Trans.

10. N.N. Smolin, “Gosudarstvennoe opolchenie 1855–1856 gg.: opyt prakticheskoi realizatsii ofitsial’nykh ustanovok,” in Problemy rossiiskoi istorii (Magnitogorsk, 2004), pt. 3; A.I. Mramornov and V.P. Totfalushin, “Formirovanie Saratovskogo opolcheniia v gody Krymskoi voiny,” in Voenno-istoricheskie issledovaniia v Povol’zhe (Saratov, 2005), pt. 6.

11. V.Ts. Gertsyk, Gosudarstvennoe podvizhnoe opolchenie Vladimirskoi gubernii 1855–1856 gg. (Vladimir, 1900), p. 58.

12. Previous musters occurred in 1806 and 1812.—Trans.

13. Moscow Central Historical Archive, f. 419, op. 1, d. 1302, l. 10 ob.

14. “Zametki i dnevniki L.V. Dubel’ta,” in Rossiiskii arkhiv. Istoriia otechestva v svidetel’stvakh i dokumentakh XVIII–XX vv. (Moscow, 1995), vol. 6, p. 268.

15. Nikolai Pervyi i ego vremia, pp. 194–95.

16. Tadeusz Bobrowski, Pami´tnik mojego ÿzycia (Warsaw, 1979), vol. 2, p. 53.

17. N.I. Kostomarov, Istoricheskie proizvedeniia. Avtobiografiia (Kiev, 1990), p. 499.

18. Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine, Kiev (TsDIAK Ukrainy), f. 442, op. 805, d. 57. ll. 65–65 ob.

19. Bobrowski, Pami^´tnik mojego ÿzycia, pp. 52–53.

20. Sbornik izvestii, otnosiashchikhsia do nastoiashchei voiny (St. Petersburg, 1855), section 5: Patriotizm Rossii, bks. 1–12, pp. 46, 111.

21. Gertsyk, Gosudarstvennoe podvizhnoe opolchenie, p. 83.

22. Bobrowski, Pami^´tnik mojego ÿzycia, p. 54.

23. TsDIAK Ukrainy, f. 442, op. 804, d. 148, ll. 3 ob., 5 ob., 17.

24. Ibid., d. 218, l. 3 ob.

25. P.A. Valuev, “Dnevnik. 1847–1860 gg.,” Russkaia starina, 1891, no. 5, pp.

26. Katsapy is a derogatory name for Russians.—Trans.

27. TsDIAK Ukrainy, f. 442, op. 805, d. 57, ll. 178–178 ob. 341–42.

28. Ibid., l. 132 ob.

29. Bobrowski, Pami´tnik mojego ÿzycia, pp. 55–56; Zygmunt Starorypiƒski, Konstanty Borowski, mi^´dzy Kamieƒcem i Archangielskiem. dwa pami´tniki powstaƒców z 1863 roku (Warsaw, 1986), pp. 88–90.

30. TsDIAK Ukrainy, f. 442, op. 805, d. 57, ll. 74 ob.

31. Ibid., l. 56.

32. Elÿzbieta Orman, “Nastpstwa wojny krymskiej. Chłopskie rozruchy wiosnà 1844 r. W majàtkach polskiej i rosyjskiej szlachty w gubernii kijowskiej,” in Polacy i ziemie w dobie wojny krymskiej (Warsaw, 2008).

33. Ia.I. Linkov, Krest’ianskoe dvizhenie v Rossii vo vremia Krymskoi voiny 1853– 1856 gg. (Moscow, 1940), pp. 26–34; A.Z. Baraboi, “O kharaktere krest’ianskogo dvizheniia 1855 g. v Kievskoi gubernii,” in Istoricheskie zapiski (Moscow, 1958), vol. 62, pp. 247–49.

34. M.P. Pogodin, Sochineniia (Moscow, 1874), vol. 4, pp. 263–64.

35. TsDIAK Ukrainy, f. 442, op. 38, d. 881, ll. 1, 1 ob., 2, 5.

36. S.S. Gromeka, Kievskie volneniia v 1855 godu (St. Petersburg, 1863), p. 43.

37. TsDIAK Ukrainy, f. 442, op. 804, d. 281, ll. 131 ob.–132 ob., 274 ob.–275,

38. Ibid., op. 806, d. 95, ll. 1–2 ob.

39. I.S. Aksakov, Pis’ma k rodnym 1849–1856 (Moscow, 1994), p. 368.

40. Gertsyk, Gosudarstvennoe podvizhnoe opolchenie, pp. 125–26.

41. Gromeka, Kievskie volneniia, p 4.

42. G. Lavrent’ev, Istoricheskii obzor deistvii Korchevskoi no. 14 druzhiny gosudarstvennogo podvizhnogo opolcheniia Tverskoi gubernii v 1855 i 1856 godakh (St. Petersburg, 1857), pp. 102–4.

43. Lavrent’ev, Istoricheskii obzor deistvii, p. 100.

44. TsDIAK Ukrainy, f. 192, op. 1, d. 34, ll. 2 ob.–3, 10–10 ob.

45. N.A. Obninskii, “Pokhodnye zametki opolchentsa 1855–1856 godov,” Russkii arkhiv, 1891, no. 11, pp. 337–38.

46. Sbornik izvestii, otnosiashchikhsia do nastoiashchei voiny, sect. 5, bks. 1–12, pp. 155–56 (Stikhotvoreniia); Sbornik izvestii, otnosiashchikhsia do nastoiashchei voiny (St. Petersburg, 1856), section 3: Patriotizm Rossii, bks. 13–24, p. 119.

47. Khokhol (pl. khokhly) is a derogatory term for Ukrainians.—Trans.

48. Aksakov, Pis’ma k rodnym, pp. 386, 401, 407.

49. Russian State Historical Archive, St. Petersburg, f. 1290, op. 4, d. 59, ll. 57–57 ob.

50. For a discussion of regional idiosyncrasies in various parts of the Russian Empire at the turn of the 1830s, see L. Gorizontov, “In Search of Internal Balance: Debate on Changes in the Territorial-Administrative Division of the Russian Empire in the 1830s and 1840s,” in Imperiology: From Empirical Knowledge to discussing the Russian Empire (Sapporo: Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University, 2007).

51. Aksakov, Pis’ma k rodnym, pp. 384–85, 407.

52. S.V. Maksimov, Sobranie sochinenii (St. Petersburg, n.d.), vol. 8, pp. 190–94, 239–41, 271–73.

53. R.A. Davydov and G.P. Popov, oborona Russkogo Severa v gody Krymskoi voiny: Khronika sobytii (Ekaterinburg, 2005).

54. “Zametki i dnevniki L.V. Dubel’ta,” p. 263.

55. M. Klinge, Imperskaia Finliandiia (St. Petersburg, 2005), pp. 191–207, 223–24.

56. TsDIAK Ukrainy, f. 192, op. 1, d. 34, ll. 12, 14, 16–16 ob.

57. Valuev, “Dnevnik. 1847–1860 gg.,” Russkaia starina, 1891, no. 6, p. 608.

58. L.A. Tikhomirov, Teni proshlogo (Moscow, 2000), p. 110.

59. Sbornik izvestii, otnosiashchikhsia do nastoiashchei voiny, sect. 3, bks. 13–24, pp. 118, 120.

60. Ibid., pp. 98, 100, 124–25.

61. Linkov, Krest’ianskoe dvizhenie v Rossii, pp. 82–83.

62. Issues pertaining to the Crimean Tatars and the North Caucasus are discussed in detail in the chapters by Hakan Kırımlı and Vladimir Olegovich Bobrovnikov in this volume [not translated in this issue—Trans.].

63. A Turkic ethnic group in southern Russia and the Caucasus.—Ed.

64. F.A. Brokgauz and I.A. Efron, Entsiklopedicheskii slovar’ (St. Petersburg, 1897), vol. 20 (39), p. 422.

65. Smolin, “Gosudarstvennoe opolchenie 1855–1856 gg.,” p. 154.

66. Lavrent’ev, Istoricheskii obzor deistvii, pp. 81–82, 86–87.

67. TsDIAK Ukrainy, f. 442, op. 805, d. 57, ll. 359–359 ob., 362.

68. L.E. Gorizontov, “Pol’sko-evreiskie otnosheniia vo vnutrennei politike i obshchestvennoi mysli Rossii (1831–1917),” in Istoriia i kul’tura rossiiskogo i vostochnoevropeiskogo evreistva: novye istochniki, novye podkhody (Moscow, 2004), pp. 273–74.

69. Evrei v Rossii: XIX vek (Moscow, 2000), pp. 210–11.

70. Sbornik izvestii, otnosiashchikhsia do nastoiashchei voiny, sect. 5, bks. 1–12, p. 14.

71. Gertsyk, Gosudarstvennoe podvizhnoe opolchenie, p. 110.

72. Obninskii, “Pokhodnye zametki opolcheniia,” p. 368.

73. F.F. Vigel’, Zapiski (Moscow, 2000), p. 171; “Vadim Vasil’evich Passek i ego pis’ma k I.I. Sreznevskomu (1837–1839),” Russkaia starina, 1893, no. 9, p. 546.

74. The qahals were regulatory bodies in Jewish settlements that were officially abolished in 1844 except in the Baltic region.—Trans.

75. P.A. Viazemskii, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii (St. Petersburg, 1887), vol. 11, p. 125.

76. Sbornik izvestii, otnosiashchikhsia do nastoiashchei voiny, sect. 3, bks. 13–24, pp. 69–70.

77. Linkov, Krest’ianskoe dvizhenie v Rossii, pp. 102–3; L.E. Gorizontov, “Novye zemli imperii v zerkale kul’turnykh traditsii: Novorossiia G.P. Danilevskogo,” in Landshafty kul’tury (Moscow: Slavianskii mir, 2007).

78. Linkov, Krest’ianskoe dvizhenie v Rossii, pp. 85–89.

79. O.M. Morozova, “ ‘Vydaiushchiisia donets’: general-maior I.S. Ul’ianov,” in Chelovek vtorogo plana v istorii (Rostov on Don, 2007), pt. 4, p. 321.

80. E.A. Shtakenshneider, dnevniki i zapiski, 1854–1886 (Newtonville, MA: Oriental Research Partners, 1980), p. 70.

Sbornik izvestii, otnosiashchikhsia do nastoiashchei voiny, sect. 5, bks. I–12, p. 1551.

81. P.A. Viazemskii, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii (St. Petersburg, 1881), vol. 6, pp. 401, 441, 448, 461–62, 469, 473.

82. Nikolai Pervyi i ego vremia, p. 410.

83. K.P. Pobedonostsev, Velikaia lozh’ nashego vremeni (Moscow, 1993), p. 354;

84. Russkii biograficheskii slovar’ (St. Petersburg, 1896), vol. 1, p. 486.

85. A.K. Tolstoi, Sobranie sochinenii (Moscow, 1963), vol. 1, p. 413.

86. E. Feoktistov, Za kulisami politiki i literatury (1848–1896) (Moscow, 1991), pp. 104–6.

87. Valuev, “Dnevnik. 1847–1860 gg.,” Russkaia starina, 1891, no. 7, pp. 80–81; no. 10, p. 140.

88. A.V. Podzhio [Poggio], Zapiski, pis’ma (Irkutsk, 1989), p. 122.

89. materialy, sobrannye dlia vysochaishe uchrezhdennoi Komissii o preobrazovanii gubernskikh i uezdnykh uchrezhdenii. otdel administrativnyi, pt. 1: materialy istoricheskie i zakonodatel’nye (St. Petersburg, 1870), sect, 6, pp. 38–39.

90. Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii (henceforth PSZ) 2, vol. 31, 1856, nos. 30879–82.

91. Ibid., no. 30878.

92. Russkii biograficheskii slovar’, p. 487.

93. PSZ 2, vol. 31, 1856, nos. 30885–86; L.E. Gorizontov, Paradoksy imperskoi politiki: Poliaki v Rossii i russkie v Pol’she (XIX–nachalo XX v.) (Moscow, 1999), pp. 44–47.

94. PSZ 2, vol. 31, 1856, no. 30888.

95. “Poczàtek i rozwój kwestji uwłaszczenia włoÊcian. Wyjàtek z pami´tników generala Stanisława Chomiƒskiego,” Kwartalnik Litweski, vol. 6 (1911), pp. 19, 27–28; Russkii biograficheskii slovar’, p. 540.

96. Bobrowski, Pamiàtnik mojego ÿzycia, p. 61; Starorypiƒski and Borowski, midzy Kamieƒcem i Archangielskiem, p. 94.

97. M. Dolbilov, “Polonofobiia i politika ruskifikatsii v severo-zapadnom krae imperii v 1860-e gg.,” in obraz vraga (Moscow, 2005), pp. 155–59.

98. O. Trubetskaia, materialy dlia biografii kn. V.A. Cherkasskogo (Moscow, 1901), vol. 1, bk. 1, p. 86.

99. L.E. Gorizontov, “Rossiisko-pol’skii konflikt na fone kompromissov 60-kh godov XIX veka v Avstriiskoi imperii,” in Konflikty i kompromissy vo vsemirnoi istorii (Moscow, 2009) (in press).

100. I.L. Fadeeva, ofitsial’nye doktriny v ideologii i politike osmanskoi imperii (osmanizm–panislamizm), XIX–nachalo XX v. (Moscow, 1985), pp. 63–67.

101. A. Tiutcheva, Vospominaniia (Moscow, 2000), p. 230.

102. V.F. Raevskii, Sochineniia (Ul’ianovsk, 1961), p. 211.

103. T. Sokolova, “Literaturnye ekspeditsii,” Nauka i zhizn’, 2001, no. 7: V.E. Voronin, Velikii kniaz’ Konstantin Nikolaevich: stanovlenii gosudarstvennogo deiatelia (Moscow, 2002), pp. 95–96.

104. A.V. Golovnin, Zametki dlia nemnogikh (St. Petersburg, 2004), pp. 207, 209.

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Notes on contributors

Leonid E. Gorizontov

Leonid Efremovich Gorizontov, Doctor of History, is a professor at the Russian State University for the Humanities and author of Paradoxes of Imperial Policy: Poles in Russia and Russians in Poland (Nineteenth–Early Twentieth Centuries) [Paradoksy imperskoi politiki: Poliaki v Rossii i russkie v Pol’she (XIX–nachalo XX v.)] (Moscow, 1999).