Does narrative writing instruction enhance the benefits of expressive writing?

Abstract

We examined whether instructing participants to write in a narrative fashion about stressful life events would produce superior physical and psychological health benefits relative to standard expressive writing instructions that do not specify the essay's structure. Undergraduates (N=101) were randomly assigned to engage in two, 20-minute narrative writing, standard expressive writing, or control writing tasks. Follow-up data were obtained one month later. The essays of the narrative writing group evidenced higher levels of narrative structure than did those of the expressive writing group. Greater narrative structure was associated with mental health gains, and self-rated emotionality of the essays was associated with lesser perceived stress at follow-up. In addition, the narrative and expressive writing groups reported lower levels of perceived stress and depressive symptoms relative to controls but did not differ from each other with regard to these outcomes. Health care utilization at follow-up did not vary by group assignment. Findings suggest that both emotional expression and narrative structure may be key factors underlying expressive writing's mental health benefits. Results also suggest that, among college students, instruction in narrative formation does not increase the positive effects of expressive writing relative to standard expressive writing instructions.

Keywords:

• expressive writing
• emotional disclosure
• narrative
• health
• stress
• psychological adjustment

Acknowledgements

The first and second authors contributed equally to this article and are listed in alphabetical order. The research reported in this article was conducted at the University at Albany, State University of New York. Catherine Mosher's work is supported by the National Cancer Institute through the following grant: F32CA130600. The authors thank Maria Kajankova, Christoffer Grant, Alvin Poon, and Vivian Hwang for their assistance with this research.