Risk Control in Recycled Water Schemes

Abstract

Recycled water is becoming one of the indispensable and reliable water resources at present. When it is introduced as an alternative source, risks on human health and the environment become major constraints driving the application and extension of recycled water. The authors examine the sources and associated risks of recycled water and introduce the practical risk control technologies on various end uses. They also review some existing risk assessment models by comparing their strengths and weaknesses toward the good approach of integrated modeling. Some critical suggestions on risk management and communication are made based on the given information.

KEY WORDS:

• end use
• quantitative risk assessment models
• recycled water
• risk assessment
• risk control

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This study was supported by Australian Research Council Linkage Project (ARC LP 100100494).