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Abstract
This review is intended to critically convey information on the application of low-intensity ultrasound irradiation (LUSI) in biological wastewater treatment and to discuss the effect of LUSI on the efficiency of wastewater treatment. The use of LUSI in wastewater treatment is presented and compared in terms of different wastewater conditions. The advantages and disadvantages of using LUSI are discussed to effectively grasp the benefits of LUSI in managing wastewater treatment, and the optimal conditions for ultrasound in various wastewater treatments designed for different contaminants are summarized. The main conclusion from the literature review is that LUSI has the potential to improve the activity of enzymes or the permeability of the cell membrane; however, a negative effect of the use of ultrasound in wastewater treatment is the decreased settle ability of sludge. In addition, the review concludes by identifying research needs that should be addressed in the future.