Utilizing Composted Beef Cattle Manure and Slaughterhouse Waste as Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers for Calcareous Soil

ABSTRACT

Effectively utilizing composts requires that their nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents be used as fertilizer, but how this is best accomplished is not fully understood. The authors' objective was to quantify N and P availability of a calcareous clay loam soil receiving composts derived from four contrasting beef cattle feedlot feedstocks applied at 50, 150, and 450 mg total P kg⁻¹ and supplemented twice with fertilizer N for a 42-week greenhouse plant bioassay. Three composted manures from beef cattle fed distinct diets and a composted mix of slaughterhouse and construction waste were applied. Inorganically fertilized and non-amended soils were included as controls. Canola (Brassica napus L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) were grown in pots containing 1.5 kg air-dried soil for six alternating 7-week cycles. Soils amended with composted manure from beef cattle fed typical finishing diets had the lowest apparent N recovery (31%) and the greatest soil nitrate after 42 weeks (25 mg N kg⁻¹). Phosphorus availability was greater with composted manure from beef cattle fed distillers' dried grains than composted manure from beef cattle fed typical finishing diets and a composted mixture of slaughterhouse and construction waste. Apparent P recovery (66%) was greatest from composted manure of beef cattle fed corn (Zea mays L.) distillers' dried grains applied at 50 mg total P kg⁻¹. Composted manure from beef cattle fed distillers' dried grains had greater P availability than conventional composted beef cattle feedlot manure. Overall, performance of the composted mixture of slaughterhouse and construction waste was similar to the composted beef cattle manures.

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Brett Hill, Pam Caffyn, Chad Hebert, Matt Richards and Tim Coates for their technical support. Special thanks to Peter Morison, Roseburn Ranch for providing two types of compost used in our research. Thank to two anonymous referees for their helpful feedback.

Funding

Funding for this research was provided by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Growing Forward 2 Program. We also wish to acknowledge the overseas fellowships to Dr. Yang Luo by the Chinese Scholarship Council, Ministry of Education, PR China.