Festivalization of Urban Space in Morocco

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Notes

²⁷ These two perspectives, represented respectively by Emile Durkheim and Sigmund Freud, are discussed by Mona Ozouf in her book Festivals and the French Revolution , Alan Sheridan (Trans.) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988).

²⁶ Falassi, ‘Festival: definition and morphology,’ pp. 1–10.

²⁵ Victor Turner, ‘Carnival, ritual, and play in Rio de Janeiro,’ in: Alessandro Falassi (Ed.) Time Out of Time: Essays on the Festival, pp. 76–90 (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1967).

²⁴ Abdelfettah Bouzoubaâ, coordination director, ‘History of the Fez Festival,’ in: The Heights of the Spirit (Fez: Fez Festival of World Sacred Music, 23–30 May 1998), p. 20.

²³ Gerard Kurdijan, ‘A journey to the heart of the sacred,’ in: A Hymn to Life (brochure) (Fez: Fez Festival of World Sacred Music, 1996), p. 3.

²² ‘Fez Festival 96,’ p. 7.

²¹ ‘Fez, the Zawiyya City’ (Fez: Fez Festival of World Sacred Music, Morocco, 23–30 May 1998), pp. 62–64.

²⁰ Guilain Denoeux & Laurent Gateau, ‘L'Essor des associations au Maroc: à la recherche de la citoyenneté,’ Monde arabe Maghreb-Machrek, 150 (1995), pp. 19–39.

¹⁹ Donald Getz, Festivals, Special Events and Tourism (Reinhold, NY: Van Nostrand, 1991), p. 54.

¹⁸ Mark Schuster, ‘Ephemera, temporary urbanism and imaging,’ pp. 361–396.

¹⁷ Michel Foucault, ‘Omnes et Singulatum: vers une critique de la raison politique,’ le débat, 41 (September–November 1986), pp. 5–35.

¹⁶ Frank E. Manning, ‘Carnival in the city: the Caribbeanisation of urban landscapes,’ Urban Resources , 5(3) (1989), p. 8.

¹⁵ Quoted in Mark J. Schuster, ‘Two urban festivals: La Merce and First Night,’ Planning Practice and Research, 10(2) (1995), p. 184.

¹⁴ Abner Cohen, Masquerade Politics: Explorations in the Structure of Urban Cultural Movements (Oxford: Berg, 1993), p. ix.

¹³ Harvey, The Urban Experience, p. 273.

¹² Bella Dicks, p. 34.

¹¹ Quoted in Bella Dicks, Culture on Display, p. 17.

¹⁰ David Harvey, The Urban Experience (Oxford: Blackwell, 1989), p. 233.

⁹ David Harvey, The Urban Experience (Oxford: Blackwell, 1989), p. 270.

⁸ Franco Bianchini, Liz Greenhagh & Charles Landry, The Importance of Culture for Urban Economic Development: The UK Case Study (Dortmund: Institut für Raumplanung, University of Dortmund, 1991), p. 21.

⁷ Peter Booth & Robin Boyle, ‘See Glasgow, see culture,’ in: Franco Bianchini & Michael Parkinson (Eds) Cultural Policy and Urban Regeneration: The West European Experience (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993), pp. 21–93.

⁶ Bella Dicks, Culture on Display: The Production of Contemporary Visitability (London: Oxford University Press, 2003), p. 1.

⁵ Bella Dicks, Culture on Display: The Production of Contemporary Visitability (London: Oxford University Press, 2003), p. 8.

⁴ This view is cited constantly in cultural tourism.

³ See J. Mark Schuster, ‘Ephemera, temporary urbanism, and imaging,’ in: Lawrence J. Vale & Sam Bass Warner, Jr. (Eds) Imaging the City—Continuing Struggles and New Directions (New Brunswick, NJ: CUPR Books, 2001).

² See Alessandro Falassi, ‘Festival: definition and morphology,’ in: Alissandro Falassi (Ed.) Time Out of Time: Essays on the Festival (Albuquerque: University of Mexico Press, 1967), p. 1.

¹ Roger Lyle Brown, Ghost Dancing on the Cracker Circuit: The Cult of Festivals in the American South (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1 997), p. xix.