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Abstract
The new era of warfare is characterized by the increased visibility of war. The changing strategic, social and cultural environment has forced governments and armies to modify their strategies. Public diplomacy is one strategic policymaking response to this changing environment. This article reviews current research in this field, focusing on mediated public diplomacy, which is a central part of public diplomacy that has not been greatly researched. We discuss the central role played by cultural resonance in mediated public diplomacy, elaborating on immanent tensions between the centrality of cultural resonance and the needs of public, and mediated public diplomacy.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We wish to thank the Leonard Davis Institute for International Relations for supporting this project.
Notes
1. The National Security Strategy of the United States of America (Washington, DC: The White House, September 2002, p. 6).
2. Cited in CitationGilboa (2002, p. 731).
3. Framing is defined as “selecting and highlighting some facets of events or issues, and making connections among them so as to promote a particular interpretation, evaluation, and/or solution” (CitationEntman, 2004, p. 5; see also CitationGamson, 1992).
4. Argumentum ad verecundiam is defined as “the appeal to reverence for authority, to accept traditional values” (CitationLanham, 1991, p. 21)
5. Haaretz, March 18, 2009, p. B1. Translated by Haaretz online English edition http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1071948.html (access, 16 May, 2009).
6. See, for example, Barak, E. 1999, Speech by Prime Minister Barak at the Signing of the Sharm e-Sheikh Memorandum, September 4, 1999, http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Speeches+by+Israeli+leaders/1999/PM+Barak+at+the+Signing+of+the+Sharm+e-Sheikh+Memo.htm?DisplayMode=print (accessed 16 May, 2009); Ben Gurion, D. 1956. The Israeli Knesset Proceedings, April 22, 1956; Olmert, E. 2008. Address at the Graduation Ceremony of Class 35 of the National Security College, July 29, 2008, http://www.pmo.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/DE375B9B-5913-4436-A3A3-CA81E25F1A62/0/mabalENG290708.doc (accessed 16 May, 2009).
7. Peres, Shimon, Address by Foreign Minister Shimon Peres to the Middle East/North Africa Economic Summit in Casablanca, October 30, 1994. http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Archive/Speeches/FM%20PERES%20TO%20THE%20%20MIDDLE%20EAST-NORTH%20AFRICA%20ECONOMIC (accessed May 16, 2009).
8. Bush, G. W. (2002). Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union, January 29, 2002, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=29644 (accessed May 16, 2009).
Israeli State Comptroller's Report, 2002, Annual Report 53a [Hebrew].
Israeli State Comptroller's Report, 2007, Annual Report 58a [Hebrew].