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Abstract
Lipid peroxidation products contribute to protein aggregation that occurs during oxidative stress in a number of degenerative disorders. Acrolein (ACR), a highly toxic lipid peroxidation aldehyde, is a strong cross-linking agent of cellular components such as proteins. To understand the mechanisms of oxidative stress-induced protein aggregation, this study characterized the ACR modification of chain B from bovine insulin by mass spectrometry. To identify the cross-linking sites, the ACR-treated peptide was digested with a protease and the resulting peptides were analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Inter- and intra-molecular cross-linking adducts were identified between amino groups and the side chain of histidine in the peptide. These results indicated that the ACR-induced cross-links were accompanied by two reactions, namely Michael addition and Schiff base formation. In conclusion, the use of mass spectrometric techniques provided chemical evidence for protein cross-linking with ACR.
| Acronyms | ||
| acrolein | = | ACR |
| Coomassie brilliant blue | = | CBB |
| formyl-dehydropiperidino | = | FDP |
| methylpyridinium | = | MP |
| chain B from bovine insulin | = | insulin B chain |
| high performance liquid chromatography | = | HPLC |
| liquid chromatography | = | LC |
| mass spectrometry | = | MS |
| tandem mass spectrometry | = | MS/MS |
| matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight | = | MALDI-TOF |
| sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis | = | SDS-PAGE |
| Acronyms | ||
| acrolein | = | ACR |
| Coomassie brilliant blue | = | CBB |
| formyl-dehydropiperidino | = | FDP |
| methylpyridinium | = | MP |
| chain B from bovine insulin | = | insulin B chain |
| high performance liquid chromatography | = | HPLC |
| liquid chromatography | = | LC |
| mass spectrometry | = | MS |
| tandem mass spectrometry | = | MS/MS |
| matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight | = | MALDI-TOF |
| sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis | = | SDS-PAGE |