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Abstract
Serum protein oxidation levels in people with the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have previously been shown to (a) be elevated at a single time point and (b) correlate with disease activity. This study investigates whether this elevation is a chronic phenomenon, by analysis of multiple serum samples collected from 21 SLE patients and nine controls over a period of up to 38 months. Protein thiols were chronically decreased in SLE patients with stable or variable disease activity compared to controls, whilst protein-bound carbonyls and glycine were chronically increased. 2D-gel analysis of carbonyl distribution showed albumin and immunoglobulins to be particularly affected. In SLE patients with stable disease activity, higher long-term protein oxidation correlated with higher long-term disease activity. SLE patients with variable disease activity exhibited varying correlations between protein oxidation and disease activity markers. These results further support a role for oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of SLE.
| Abbreviations | ||
| anti-dsDNA | = | antibodies to double-stranded DNA |
| BSA | = | bovine serum albumin |
| CHAPS | = | 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulphonate |
| DNPH | = | 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine |
| DTT | = | dithiothreitol |
| ELISA | = | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| ESR | = | erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
| GSH | = | reduced glutathione |
| HPLC | = | high performance liquid chromatography |
| HAS | = | human serum albumin |
| IEF | = | isoelectric focusing |
| Ig | = | immunoglobulin |
| IPG | = | immobilized pH gradient |
| MetSO | = | methionine sulphoxide |
| MetSO2 | = | methionine sulphone |
| OPA | = | o-phthaldialdehyde |
| PAGE | = | polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
| PBS | = | phosphate-buffered saline |
| PVDF | = | polyvinylidene difluoride |
| SDS | = | sodium dodecyl sulphate |
| SLE | = | systemic lupus erythematosus |
| SLEDAI | = | systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index |
| THF | = | tetrahydrofuran |
| Abbreviations | ||
| anti-dsDNA | = | antibodies to double-stranded DNA |
| BSA | = | bovine serum albumin |
| CHAPS | = | 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulphonate |
| DNPH | = | 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine |
| DTT | = | dithiothreitol |
| ELISA | = | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| ESR | = | erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
| GSH | = | reduced glutathione |
| HPLC | = | high performance liquid chromatography |
| HAS | = | human serum albumin |
| IEF | = | isoelectric focusing |
| Ig | = | immunoglobulin |
| IPG | = | immobilized pH gradient |
| MetSO | = | methionine sulphoxide |
| MetSO2 | = | methionine sulphone |
| OPA | = | o-phthaldialdehyde |
| PAGE | = | polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
| PBS | = | phosphate-buffered saline |
| PVDF | = | polyvinylidene difluoride |
| SDS | = | sodium dodecyl sulphate |
| SLE | = | systemic lupus erythematosus |
| SLEDAI | = | systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index |
| THF | = | tetrahydrofuran |