Antioxidant activities of ginsenoside Rg1 against cisplatin-induced hepatic injury through Nrf2 signaling pathway in mice

Abstract

Oxidative stress is mainly caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The damage causes a net stress on normal organs, leading to a gradual loss of vital physiological function. ROS, such as free radicals, represent a class of molecules which are derived from the metabolism of oxygen and exist inherently. However, excessive produced ROS can damage all aerobic organisms. Ginseng is one of the most commonly used alternative herbal medicines, also as a traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant potential function of ginsenoside Rg1 against cisplatin-caused hepatic damage. Male mice were treated with cisplatin to induce oxidative stress to mimic the side effect of anti-cancer drug cisplatin. Ginsenoside Rg1 effectively prevented against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity, alleviating histological lesions. Antioxidant functions of Rg1 were restrained by the activation of p62–Keap1–Nrf2 signaling pathway, simultaneously accompanied with expression of protein products. Accumulative p62 and increased activation of JNK in hepatocytes promoted the activation of Nrf2. For the other, degradation of Nrf2 was guided by tyrosine phosphorylation, ubiquitin, and Keap1. In summary, Rg1 prevents hepatotoxicity mainly by inhibiting the binding of Keap1 and Nrf2, partly by p62 accumulation, and more importantly by increasing the production of antioxidative proteins associated to Nrf2. Pharmacological activation of Nrf2 is an effective way in combating against liver injury.

Keywords:

• Ginsenoside Rg1
• cisplatin
• liver injury
• oxidative stress
• Nrf2

Disclosure statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 81274122, 81260650, 81373997, 81373510, 81473570, 81560685, 81573640, 81573636, U1402221), the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (PCSIRT) (IRT1007), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7131013), Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study (BZ0150), PUMC Youth Fund (3332016058), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2014RC03, 2016RC350002), Key Research and Development Project of Hunan Province (2015SK2029-1), and the Scientific Research Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Hunan Province (15K091).