Correspondence

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Notes

1. See, for example, Scott D. Sagan, Moving Targets: Nuclear Strategy and National Security (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990).

2. On this challenge, see Vipin Narang, “Five Myths about India's Nuclear Posture,” Washington Quarterly 36 (Summer 2013), pp. 143-57.

3. For a general treatment of regional power nuclear postures and strategies, see Vipin Narang, Nuclear Strategy in the Modern Era: Regional Powers and International Conflict (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014).

4. See Mark Bell, “Beyond Emboldenment: How Nuclear Weapons can Change Foreign Policy,” International Security 40 (Summer 2015), pp. 87-119.

5. See Vipin Narang, “Posturing for Peace?: Pakistan's Nuclear Postures and South Asian Stability,” International Security, 34 (Winter 2009/2010), pp. 38-78; Sumit Ganguly, “Nuclear Stability in South Asia,” International Security 33 (Fall 2008), pp. 45-70.

6. See Peter Lavoy, ed., Asymmetric Warfare in South Asia: The Causes and Consequences of the Kargil Conflict (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009).

7. Narang, “Posturing for Peace;” also Polly Nayak and Michael Krepon, “U.S. Crisis Management in South Asia's Twin Peaks Crisis,” Stimson Center Report, no. 57 (September 2006).

8. See Khalid Kidwai quoted in Paolo Cotta-Ramusino and Maurizio Martellini, “Nuclear Safety, Nuclear Stability, and Nuclear Strategy in Pakistan,” Landau Network Centro Volto, January 2002, <www.centrovolta.it/landau/content/binary/pakistan%20Januray%202002.pdf>.

9. See Walter Ladwig III, “A Cold Start for Hot Wars? The Indian Army's New Limited War Doctrine,” International Security 32 (Winter 2007/2008), pp. 158-90.

10. This is derived from Christopher Clary and Vipin Narang, “Doctrine, Capabilities, and (In)Stability in South Asia,” in Michael Krepon and Julia Thompson, eds., Deterrence Stability and Escalation Control in South Asia (Washington DC: Stimson Center, 2013), pp. 93-106.

11. Ibid.

12. Pranab Dhal Samanta, “26/11: How India Debated War with Pakistan that November,” Indian Express, November 26, 2010, <http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/2611-how-india-debated-a-war-with-pakistan-that-november/716240>.

13. See Shashank Joshi, “Pakistan's Tactical Nuclear Nightmare: Déjà vu?” Washington Quarterly 36 (Summer 2013), pp. 159-72.

14. See Christopher Clary, “Pakistan's Tactical Nuclear Weapons: Risks and Realities,” International Security 40, no. 3 (Winter 2015-16). 

15. See for example, George Perkovich and Toby Dalton, “Modi's Strategic Choice: How to Respond to Terrorism from Pakistan,” Washington Quarterly 38 (Spring 2015), pp. 23-45.

16. See Kampani, “Is the Indian Nuclear Tiger Changing its Stripes?” Nonproliferation Review 21 (Fall 2015), pp. 383-398.

17. This is a lively debate in India; see Shyam Saran, “Is India's Nuclear Deterrent Credible?,” India Habitat Centre Lecture, April 24, 2013. <http://www.armscontrolwonk.com/files/2013/05/Final-Is-Indias-Nuclear-Deterrent-Credible-rev1-2-1-3.pdf>.

18. See Narang, “Five Myths about India's Nuclear Posture.”

19. Happymon Jacob, “Deterrence debates and defence,” The Hindu, April 21, 2014, <www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/deterrence-debates-and-defence/article5931349.ece>.