Development of tin-based perovskite materials for solar cell applications: A minireview

Abstract

Lead-based perovskites have attracted great attention as promising candidates for the next generation of solar cells. Nevertheless, issues of toxicity to humans and pollution to the environment notably hinder the commercial application of lead-based perovskites. Hence, there is an urgent need to find favorable candidates to replace lead-based perovskites. In this review, state-of-the-art achievements on tin-based perovskites and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are summarized. The interface is investigated as a sally port to improve the performance of methylammonium tin iodine (MASnI₃) perovskite solar cells. Meanwhile, the selection of additives mitigates the low conductivity and stability of formamidinium tin iodine (FASnI₃) perovskite solar cells to some extent. Additionally, by improving the crystalline quality and reducing the number of grain boundaries, cesium tin iodine (CsSnI₃) perovskite solar cells’ challenges of low power conversion efficiency (PCE) are solved. Finally, a brief future outlook for lead-free perovskites solar cells is discussed.

Keywords:

• Lead-based perovskite
• solar cell
• tin-based perovskite

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number 11704263), and the National Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning (Grant Number 2020-MS-219).