Determination of rhodamine B in water and cosmetics by switchable solvent-based liquid phase microextraction with spectrophotometric determination

Abstract

A microextraction method has been developed for the determination of rhodamine B (Rh-B) in water and cosmetics by separation and preconcentration with liquid microextraction based upon a switchable hydrophilic solvent and determination by spectrophotometry. The analyte was extracted into the triethylamine (TEA) phase using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to convert protonated triethylamine carbonate (P-TEA-C) to triethylamine. Various analytical parameters such as the pH of the sample solution, extraction solvent volume, and sample volumes affecting the quantitative recovery values of rhodamine B were optimized. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 2.96 and 9.88 ng/mL, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of rhodamine B and satisfactory recovery values were obtained. The developed approach is fairly fast and an environmentally friendly alternative for the separation and preconcentration of rhodamine B water and cosmetic samples.

Keywords:

• Cosmetics
• environmental water
• homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction
• rhodamine B
• spectrophotometry
• switchable solvent

Acknowledgments

The authors also thank the Erciyes University Technology Research and Application Center (ERU-TAUM) for the use of the instrumental and detection facilities.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

The authors are grateful for the financial support of the Unit of the Scientific Research Projects of Erciyes University (TDK-2018-8318). Dr. Mustafa Soylak thanks the Turkish Academy of Sciences for financial support.